19 research outputs found

    Role of the neonatal intestinal microbiota in the eating behaviour programming in rat

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    Le microbiote intestinal joue un rôle dans la santé de l’hôte et notamment dans son homéostasie énergétique. Cependant, son impact sur le comportement alimentaire est encore peu étudié. La composition de ce microbiote intestinal acquis en début de vie peut être influencée par différents facteurs environnementaux comme la composition des microbiotes maternels ou l’apport néonatal d’oligosides prébiotiques. Selon le concept de la DOHaD (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease), le développement conjoint des circuits cérébraux régulant la prise alimentaire et du microbiote en début de vie fait de ce dernier un potentiel acteur dans la programmation des troubles du comportement alimentaire. Nous avons donc émis l’hypothèse que la composition du microbiote intestinal en période néonatale influencerait le développement de ces circuits neuronaux, induisant des modifications du comportement alimentaire à l’âge adulte. Dans un modèle de rat, nous avons modulé la composition du microbiote intestinal de ratons soit par l’apport direct dès la naissance de bactéries provenant de mères ayant des phénotypes métaboliques différents, soit par une approche nutritionnelle en les supplémentant en oligosides prébiotiques. Ces deux études réalisées en parallèle ont modulé le microbiote intestinal néonatal, sans programmation de sa composition. Une programmation du comportement alimentaire par le microbiote intestinal néonatal a été caractérisée, de façon dépendante du type de modulation effectuée et du sexe. Notre travail devrait ainsi permettre d’identifier des bactéries corrélées à certaines caractéristiques du comportement alimentaire. Cependant, les voies mécanistiques par lesquelles ces bactéries programmeraient le comportement alimentaire restent encore à identifier.Intestinal microbiota influences the host health, particularly its energetic homeostasis. However, its impact on eating behaviour remains poorly studied. Intestinal microbiota composition established early in life is influenced by several environmental factors such as the composition of maternal microbiota or by neonatal supplementation in prebiotic oligosides. According to DOHaD concept (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease), simultaneous development of neuronal circuits regulating eating behaviour and intestinal microbiota during early life, highlight the potential role of this microbiota in eating behaviour programming. Thus, we investigated if the composition of the neonatal microbiota could program neurodevelopment of these circuits, leading to altered eating behaviour at adulthood. In a rat model, we aimed to modulate intestinal microbiota composition through direct input at birth of bacteria coming from mothers with different metabolic phenotypes, or by nutritional approach using prebiotic oligosides. These two parallel studies demonstrated a modulation in neonatal microbiota, without programming its composition. Eating behaviour programming by neonatal intestinal microbiota was characterized, depending on type of modulation and gender. Our work could lead to identification of bacteria correlated with certain eating behaviour features. However, mechanistic pathways through which these bacteria could program eating behaviour are yet to be studied

    Does early intestinal microbiota modification by oligosaccharides program adult eating behavior in rats?

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    Does early intestinal microbiota modification by oligosaccharides program adult eating behavior in rats?. journées nationales sur les troubles comportement alimentair

    Les microbiotes transférés de la mère à l’enfant jouent-t-ils un rôle dans l’origine développementale de la santé et des maladies ?: Do microbiota transferred from mother to child pay a role in the developmental origine of health an disease?

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    The idea that the mother's diet and her metabolic state can significantly influence the health of heroffspring, by acting primarily on fetal growth and then creating a breeding ground for the emergence ofmetabolic diseases, has emerged thanks to work of the English epidemiologist Dr. David Barker. Theconcept of the developmental origin of health and disease (DOHaD) has been confirmed by a largenumber of experimental studies on animal models and has been extended to a number of pathologies.In particular, it has been shown that parents (and grandparents) nutrition and metabolic state at the timeof conception guide the metabolic outcome and the feeding behavior of the offspring (Parnet et al.,2016). Since these works, a new key player has emerged: the microbiota, together with an importantquestion: what is the impact of the vertical transfer (from mother to child) of microbiota on the child’shealth? Can the intestinal microbiota be a relay or a memory of the parents' health and play a role in thedevelopmental origin of health and diseases of the child? If so, what are the mechanistic andintervention tracks?L’idée que l’alimentation de la mère et son état métabolique peuvent notablement influencer la santé desa descendance, en agissant en premier lieu sur la croissance fœtale puis en créant un terrainfavorable à la santé ou à l’émergence de maladies métaboliques, est apparu grâce aux travaux del’épidémiologiste anglais David Barker. Le concept de l’origine développementale de la santé et desmaladies (DOHaD) a été confirmé par un grand nombre d’études expérimentales sur des modèlesanimaux et élargi à nombre de pathologies. Il a, en particulier, été montré que l’alimentation des parents(et des grands parents) et leur état métabolique au moment de la conception orientent la physiologie etle comportement alimentaire de la descendance (Parnet et al., 2016). Depuis ces travaux un nouvelacteur incontournable est apparu : le microbiote, et une question fondamentale : quel est l’impact dutransfert du microbiote (de la mère au petit) sur la santé de l’enfant ? Le microbiote intestinal peut-il êtrerelai ou mémoire de la santé des parents et joue-t-il alors un rôle dans l’origine développementale de lasanté et des maladies de l’enfant ? Si oui quelles sont les pistes mécanistiques et existe-t-il despossibilités d’intervention

    An adapted in vitro assay to assess campylobacter jejuni interaction with intestinal epithelial cells: Taking into stimulation with TNFα

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    International audienceCampylobacter jejuni is the most prevalent foodborne bacterial infection agent. This pathogen seems also involved in inflammatory bowel diseases in which pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), play a major role. C. jejuni pathogenicity has been extensively studied using in vitro cell culture methods, and more precisely “healthy” cells. In fact, no information is available regarding the behavior of C. jejuni in contact with TNFα-stimulated cells. Therefore, this research was designed to investigate the effect of TNFα on C. jejuni interaction with human intestinal epithelial cells (HT29 and HT29-MTX). To ensure IL-8 production induced by TNFα, human rtTNFα was added to HT29 and HT29-MTX before adhesion and invasion assays. About 108 CFU bacteria of C. jejuni strains cells were added to measure their adherence and invasion abilities using TNFα-stimulated cells versus non stimulated cells. Exposure to TNFα results in IL-8 overproduction by intestinal epithelial cells. In addition, the effect of TNFα pre-treatment on C. jejuni adhesion and internalization into eukaryotic cells is strain-dependent. Indeed, the adhesion/invasion process is affected in <50% of the strains tested when TNFα is added to the intestinal cells. Interestingly, TNFα affects more strains in their ability to adhere to and invade the mucus-secreting HT29-MTX cells. Among the 10 strains tested, the aero-tolerant C. jejuni Bf strain is one of the most virulent. These results suggest that the TNFα signalling pathway could participate in the internalization of C. jejuni in human intestinal cells and can help in understanding the pathogenicity of this microorganism in contact with TNFα-stimulated cells
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