Synergistic interaction between creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate in influencing hyperparathyroidism (defined as parathyroid hormone >70 pg/mL) among the United States adults, NHANES 2005–2006.

<p>OR: odds ratio for hyperparathyroidism; Q1: first quartile.</p><p>Synergistic interaction between creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate in influencing hyperparathyroidism (defined as parathyroid hormone >70 pg/mL) among the United States adults, NHANES 2005–2006.</p

Weighted mean ± SE of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels versus urinary concentrations of perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate among the United States adults, NHANES 2005–2006.

<p>Analyses were performed with two approaches: (1) creatinine-corrected urinary measurements, and (2) analyte concentration unadjusted for creatinine but urinary creatinine was included as a separate independent variable. <b>A</b>, Serum PTH levels by urinary perchlorate quartiles. <b>B</b>, Serum PTH levels by urinary nitrate quartiles. <b>C</b>, Serum PTH levels by urinary thiocyanate quartiles. Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, smoking status, body mass index, corrected total serum calcium, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01, ***<i>P</i><0.001 versus first quartile.</p

Apple Polyphenol Phloretin Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth via Inhibition of the Type 2 Glucose Transporter and Activation of p53-Mediated Signaling

Glucose transporters (GLUTs) are required for glucose uptake in malignant cells, and they can be used as molecular targets for cancer therapy. An RT-PCR analysis was performed to investigate the mRNA levels of 14 subtypes of GLUTs in human colorectal cancer (COLO 205 and HT-29) and normal (FHC) cells. RT-PCR (<i>n</i> = 27) was used to assess the differences in paired tissue samples (tumor vs normal) isolated from colorectal cancer patients. GLUT2 was detected in all tested cells. The average GLUT2 mRNA level in 12 of 27 (44.4%) cases was 2.4-fold higher in tumor compared to normal tissues (*, <i>p</i> = 0.027). Higher GLUT2 mRNA expression was preferentially detected in advanced-stage tumors (stage 0 vs 3 = 16.38-fold, 95% CI = 9.22–26.54-fold; *, <i>p</i> = 0.029). The apple polyphenol phloretin (Ph) and siRNA methods were used to inhibit GLUT2 protein expression. Ph (0–100 μM, for 24 h) induced COLO 205 cell growth cycle arrest in a p53-dependent manner, which was confirmed by pretreatment of the cells with a p53-specific dominant negative expression vector. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 6 (HNF6), which was previously reported to be a transcription factor that activates GLUT2 and p53, was also induced by Ph (0–100 μM, for 24 h). The antitumor effect of Ph (25 mg/kg or DMSO twice a week for 6 weeks) was demonstrated in vivo using BALB/c nude mice bearing COLO 205 tumor xenografts. In conclusion, targeting GLUT2 could potentially suppress colorectal tumor cell invasiveness

Weighted mean ± SE of serum parathyroid hormone levels (pg/mL) across quartiles of creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate among the United States adults, NHANES 2005–2006.

<p>Model 1: adjusted for age (continuous), race/ethnicity, smoking status, and body mass index (continuous); Model 2: adjusted for variables in Model 1 plus corrected total serum calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (both continuous).</p><p>Weighted mean ± SE of serum parathyroid hormone levels (pg/mL) across quartiles of creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate among the United States adults, NHANES 2005–2006.</p

Demographics and geometric means with 95% confidence intervals of urinary concentrations of perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate among the United States adults, NHANES 2005–2006.

<p>*<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01, ***<i>P</i><0.001.</p><p>Demographics and geometric means with 95% confidence intervals of urinary concentrations of perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate among the United States adults, NHANES 2005–2006.</p

Adjusted odds ratio ± SE for hyperparathyroidism (HPT, defined as parathyroid hormone >70 pg/mL) by creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate among the United States adults, NHANES 2005–2006.

<p>Primary HPT was arbitrarily defined as albumin-corrected total serum calcium ≥9.5 mg/dL, and secondary HPT was defined as corrected calcium <9.5 mg/dL. <b>A</b>, Odd ratios by urinary perchlorate quartiles. <b>B</b>, Odd ratios by urinary nitrate quartiles. <b>C</b>, Odd ratios by urinary thiocyanate quartiles. Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, smoking status, body mass index, corrected total serum calcium, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels.</p

Adjusted regression coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) by multiple linear regression analysis for serum parathyroid hormone levels and creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate among the United States adults, NHANES 2005–2006.

<p>Model 1: adjusted for age (continuous), race/ethnicity, smoking status, and body mass index (continuous); Model 2: adjusted for variables in Model 1 plus corrected total serum calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (both continuous).</p><p>Adjusted regression coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) by multiple linear regression analysis for serum parathyroid hormone levels and creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate among the United States adults, NHANES 2005–2006.</p

Adjusted regression coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) by multiple linear regression analysis for serum parathyroid hormone levels and urinary concentrations of perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate (unadjusted for creatinine) among the United States adults, NHANES 2005–2006.

<p>Model 1: adjusted for age (continuous), race/ethnicity, smoking status, body mass index (continuous), and urinary creatinine (continuous); Model 2: adjusted for variables in Model 1 plus corrected total serum calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (both continuous).</p><p>Adjusted regression coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) by multiple linear regression analysis for serum parathyroid hormone levels and urinary concentrations of perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate (unadjusted for creatinine) among the United States adults, NHANES 2005–2006.</p

Multi-center study on patient selection for and the oncologic safety of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) with the Xoft Axxent® eBx® System for the management of early stage breast cancer in Taiwan

<div><p>Background</p><p>In this multi-center study, we report the patient selection criteria for and preliminary oncologic outcomes associated with intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) delivered by the Xoft Axxent® eBx® system for early-stage breast cancer in Taiwan.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Patients with early breast cancer in Taiwan received breast conserving surgery and received IORT with Xoft Axxent® eBx® System during 2013–2015 was search from database of Taiwan IORT study cooperative group (T-IORTSCG). Patients’ clinicopathologic characteristics and early post-operative results were collected and reported.</p><p>Results</p><p>During the study period, 26 hospitals in Taiwan performed a total of 261 Xoft IORT procedures for breast cancer. The mean age of them was 52.9 ± 9.8 years (37–72), and tumor size was 1.5 ± 0.8 cm (0.1–4.2 cm) for invasive cancer and 1.2 ± 0.8 cm (range, 0.2–3.0 cm) for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions. Lymph node metastasis was found in 6 (2.3%) patients. The patients received IORT in Taiwan differed markedly from those used in the ELIOT and TARGIT-A studies. Specifically, patients selected for IORT in Taiwan tended to be younger, their tumors tended to be larger and the prevalence of lymph node metastasis tended to be lower. Among these 261 patients, 8 (3.1%) patients required whole breast radiotherapy. During a mean follow up of 15.6 months, locoregional recurrence was observed in 2 (0.8%) patients.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>In real world experience, patients received IORT differed quite significantly with criteria formulated by trials. The preliminary results of IORT in Taiwan showed it is well acceptable by patients and clinicians.</p></div

The development and application of Xoft IORT system in Taiwan.

<p>(a) The development and application of Xoft IORT system in Taiwan from 2013–2015. The T-IORTSCG comprises members from major IORT centers in Taiwan, and included 5 centers in 2013, 18 in 2014, and 26 in 2015. The number of IORT performed per year and the cumulative number of IORT performed in the past 3 years were provided. (b) Illustration of pre- and post-operative breast appearance of patients received conventional radiotherapy. (c) Illustration of pre- and post-operative breast appearance of patients received intra-operative radiotherapy.</p