Linguistic Deviances as a Stylistic Approach to Literary Texts: A Study of African Traditional Poem “Salute to the Elephant”

Considering the rules of grammaticality and acceptability in the field of linguistics and language in general, one wonders if the creative writers will be spared of the violation or breaching of the language code for stylistic effects. It is worth noting here that the essence of this violation in  language used among creative writers is to describe the formal features of texts, show their functional significance for the interpretation of texts and relate literary effects to linguistics causes where they are felt to be relevant. This paper which focuses on Linguistic Deviances as a Stylistic Approach to Literary Texts: A Study of African Traditional Poem “Salute to the Elephant” shall be consideredunder three sections. The first deals with linguistics deviances and literary texts, the second focuses on African Traditional poems and finally, stylistic analysis of ‘Salute to the Elephant’

Nigeria's Cobweb of Corruption and the path to Underdevelopment

Corruption in Nigeria has grown slowly from the time of pre-independence and it has surely taken over Nigerians’ public and private spaces in the last five decades with compelling evidences to show first among the legislative, the executives and recently the judicial arms of government as well as the unexpected quarters in the private sectors such as the Stock Exchange. This paper highlights several factors and institutions in Nigerian society that have sustained and entrenched corrupt practices by government officials and high profile private sectors participants. The institutions identified here are regarded as eaters of corruption proceeds around which a cobweb of corruption has been weaved by the corrupt public/private individuals to create a network under the control of the grandfather- spider of corruption (The federal government); the father- spiders (the state government) and the children- spider ( the local governments spread across the Nigerian society). The paper concludes that corruption is a national thing in Nigeria and that the over centralization and the control of means of survival by the grandfather spider has weakened almost all major institutions in the Nigerian society; created a Master- Servant, Lordship and Serfs relationship, which if not re-structured will continue to sustain corruption and perpetuate further development of underdevelopment of the Nigeria Scale and Society. Therefore, Nigerians should shun corruption and see it as a major problem to development in Nigeria.Key Words: Corruption, underdevelopment, cobweb, leaders, masses, Nigeri

Thermopower and Nernst measurements in a half-filled lowest Landau level

Motivated by recent proposal by Potter et al. [Phys. Rev. X 6, 031026 (2016)] concerning possible thermoelectric signatures of Dirac composite fermions, we perform a systematic experimental study of thermoelectric transport of an ultrahigh-mobility GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs two dimensional electron system at filling factor v = 1/2. We demonstrate that the thermopower Sxx and Nernst Sxy are symmetric and anti-symmetric with respect to B = 0 T, respectively. The measured properties of thermopower Sxx at v = 1/2 are consistent with previous experimental results. The Nernst signals Sxy of v = 1/2, which have not been reported previously, are non-zero and show a power law relation with temperature in the phonon-drag dominant region. In the electron-diffusion dominant region, the Nernst signals Sxy of v = 1/2 are found to be significantly smaller than the linear temperature dependent values predicted by Potter et al., and decreasing with temperature faster than linear dependence.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figure

A mathematical formalism for the Kondo effect in WZW branes

In this paper, we show how to adapt our rigorous mathematical formalism for closed/open conformal field theory so that it captures the known physical theory of branes in the WZW model. This includes a mathematically precise approach to the Kondo effect, which is an example of evolution of one conformally invariant boundary condition into another through boundary conditions which can break conformal invariance, and a proposed mathematical statement of the Kondo effect conjecture. We also review some of the known physical results on WZW boundary conditions from a mathematical perspective.Comment: Added explanations of the settings and main result

A comparative study of state-of-the-art linked data visualization tools

Data visualization tools are of great importance for the exploration and the analysis of Linked Data (LD) datasets. Such tools allow users to get an overview, understand content, and discover interesting insights of a dataset. Visualization approaches vary according to the domain, the type of data, the task that the user is trying to perform, as well as the skills of the user. Thus, the study of the capabilities that each approach offers is crucial in supporting users to select the proper tool/technique based on their need. In this paper we present a comparative study of the state-of-the-art LD visualization tools over a list of fundamental use cases. First, we define 16 use cases that are representative in the setting of LD visual exploration, examining several tool's aspects; e.g., functionality capabilities, feature richness. Then, we evaluate these use cases over 10 LD visualization tools, examining: (1) if the tools have the required functionality for the tasks; and (2) if they allow the successful completion of the tasks over the DBpedia dataset. Finally, we discuss the insights derived from the evaluation, and we point out possible future directions

Dicephalus dipus tetrabrachius conjoined twins of Zaria: Case report and literature review

One of the most interesting congenital malformations to manage is a conjoined twin. Conjoined twins are rare occurrences in obstetric/pediatric practice. More commonly known as Siamese twins, this phenomenon is shrouded in mystery and considered a curiosity by general public. Current technology is lending a helping hand in the early diagnosis of these conditions. Frequently, the twins are born dead, but there are few cases in which the twins survive. We presented a case of dicephalus dipud conjoined twins; a rare type of conjoined twins.Key words: Conjoined twins, dicephalus, dipus, tetrabrachiu

Small and Medium Enterprises and Biopharmaceutical Innovations in Africa: Challenges and Prospects

Biopharmaceuticals can be described as medicines or medicinal products manufactured through biotechnological processes with links to biological sources especially those of live organisms or their active components. The biopharmaceutical industry is presently experiencing tremendous revenuegrowth rates projected at more than $167 billion worldwide in 2015. There are more than 500 biopharmaceutical products that have been approved with about 400 presently marketable in the United States and European markets. The full potential of biopharmaceutical, biotechnology, genomic, genetic and biogeneric compounds is best realized in small entrepreneurial firms which have the capacity for creativity, risk, flexibility and iteration that no large biopharmaceutical entity can match. Although there are challenges facing African Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in biopharmaceutical industry, the prospects on the other hand can be lucrative taking into cognizance Africa’s ever increasing population and the need for affordable health care. To facilitate the contribution of SMEs in Africa, this article presents a perspective on the prospects of African SMEs in biopharmaceutical innovations such as new products, processes and services. The roles of SMEs in the global biopharmaceutical industry are reviewed. Additionally, selected critical factors to accelerate the contribution of African SMEs in global biopharmaceutical innovation are described. Finally, the prospective areas for biopharmaceutical innovation in Africa include research and development, marketing, workforce development and contract manufacturing.Keywords: Small and Medium Sized Enterprises, SMEs, Biopharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Contract manufacturing

Temperature trends ever the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures

For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records(1-5), each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record(6), but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies(2-5). The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62610/1/403756a0.pd