1,859 research outputs found
<theoretical studies on the relationships be- tween the thermionic work function of refrac- tory intermetallic compounds and their electronic and crystal structures< progress report, 1 jan. - 30 jun. 1965
Thermionic work function of refractory intermetallic compounds and their electronic and crystal structure
<theoretical studies on the relationship between the thermionic work function of re- fractory intermetallic compounds and their electronic and crystal structures< progress report letter, 1 jul. - 31 dec. 1964
Thermionic work function of refractory metallic compounds and electronic and crystal structure - emissivity measurement and diode fabricatio
Comprehensive Observations of a Solar Minimum CME with STEREO
We perform the first kinematic analysis of a CME observed by both imaging and
in situ instruments on board STEREO, namely the SECCHI, PLASTIC, and IMPACT
experiments. Launched on 2008 February 4, the CME is tracked continuously from
initiation to 1 AU using the SECCHI imagers on both STEREO spacecraft, and is
then detected by the PLASTIC and IMPACT particle and field detectors on board
STEREO-B. The CME is also detected in situ by ACE and SOHO/CELIAS at Earth's L1
Lagrangian point. The CME hits STEREO-B, ACE, and SOHO on 2008 February 7, but
misses STEREO-A entirely. This event provides a good example of just how
different the same event can look when viewed from different perspectives. We
also demonstrate many ways in which the comprehensive and continuous coverage
of this CME by STEREO improves confidence in our assessment of its kinematic
behavior, with potential ramifications for space weather forecasting. The
observations provide several lines of evidence in favor of the observable part
of the CME being narrow in angular extent, a determination crucial for deciding
how best to convert observed CME elongation angles from Sun-center to actual
Sun-center distances.Comment: 27 pages, 10 figures, AASTEX v5.2, accepted by Ap
A Search for Ultra-High Energy Counterparts to Gamma-Ray Bursts
A small air shower array operating over many years has been used to search
for ultra-high energy (UHE) gamma radiation ( TeV) associated with
gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by the BATSE instrument on the Compton
Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO). Upper limits for a one minute interval after each
burst are presented for seven GRBs located with zenith angles . A excess over background was observed between 10 and
20 minutes following the onset of a GRB on 11 May 1991. The confidence level
that this is due to a real effect and not a background fluctuation is 99.8\%.
If this effect is real then cosmological models are excluded for this burst
because of absorption of UHE gamma rays by the intergalactic radiation fields.Comment: 4 pages LaTeX with one postscript figure. This version does not use
kluwer.sty and will allow automatic postscript generatio
Must we measure what we mean?
This paper excavates a debate concerning the claims of ordinary language philosophers that took place during the middle of the last century. The debate centers on the status of statements about “what we say”. On one side of the debate, critics of ordinary language philosophy argued that statements about “what we say” should be evaluated as empirical observations about how people do in fact speak, on a par with claims made in the language sciences. By that standard, ordinary language philosophers were not entitled to the claims that they made about what we would say about various topics. On the other side of the debate, defenders of the methods of ordinary language philosophy sought to explain how philosophers can be entitled to statements about what we would say without engaging in extensive observations of how people do in fact use language. In this paper I defend the idea that entitlement to claims about what we say can be had in a way that doesn’t require empirical observation, and I argue that ordinary language philosophers are (at least sometimes) engaged in a different project than linguists or empirically minded philosophers of language, which is subject to different conditions of success
What's the point of knowing how?
Why is it useful to talk and think about knowledge-how? Using Edward Craig’s discussion of the function of the concepts of knowledge and knowledge-how as a jumping off point, this paper argues that considering this question can offer us new angles on the debate about knowledge-how. We consider two candidate functions for the concept of knowledge-how: pooling capacities, and mutual reliance. Craig makes the case for pooling capacities, which connects knowledge-how to our need to pool practical capacities. I argue that the evidence is much more equivocal. My suggested diagnosis is that the concept of knowledge-how plays both functions, meaning that the concept of knowledge-how is inconsistent, and that the debate about knowledge-how is at least partly a metalinguistic negotiation. In closing, I suggest a way to revise the philosophical concept of knowledge how
Relationship between solar energetic oxygen flux and MHD shock Mach number
This study correlates the time-intensity profile of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) shock with the corresponding solar energetic oxygen for a coronal mass ejection (CME) event that occurred on October 28, 2003. The intensity of MHD shock, in terms of Mach number, is simulated using a 1.5D MHD code, whereas the solar energetic oxygen flux is observed by the Solar Isotope Spectrometer (SIS) on board the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft. A good correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient: r = 0.70 – 0.84) is found between the forward fast-mode shock Mach number and the hourly-averaged, logarithmic oxygen differential energy flux for 7 energy channels (7.3 – 63.8 MeV). We suspect that the intensity-time profile of high energy SEP events is manifested by the strength (Mach number) of CME-driven propagation shocks. While further studies with more events are required to be more conclusive, this study result provides a direction for future studies or predictions of SEP fluxes
Evaluational adjectives
This paper demarcates a theoretically interesting class of "evaluational adjectives." This class includes predicates expressing various kinds of normative and epistemic evaluation, such as predicates of personal taste, aesthetic adjectives, moral adjectives, and epistemic adjectives, among others. Evaluational adjectives are distinguished, empirically, in exhibiting phenomena such as discourse-oriented use, felicitous embedding under the attitude verb `find', and sorites-susceptibility in the comparative form. A unified degree-based semantics is developed: What distinguishes evaluational adjectives, semantically, is that they denote context-dependent measure functions ("evaluational perspectives")—context-dependent mappings to degrees of taste, beauty, probability, etc., depending on the adjective. This perspective-sensitivity characterizing the class of evaluational adjectives cannot be assimilated to vagueness, sensitivity to an experiencer argument, or multidimensionality; and it cannot be demarcated in terms of pretheoretic notions of subjectivity, common in the literature. I propose that certain diagnostics for "subjective" expressions be analyzed instead in terms of a precisely specified kind of discourse-oriented use of context-sensitive language. I close by applying the account to `find x PRED' ascriptions
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