92 research outputs found
Measurement of the Multi-Neutron Charged Current Differential Cross Section at Low Available Energy on Hydrocarbon
Neutron production in antineutrino interactions can lead to bias in energy
reconstruction in neutrino oscillation experiments, but these interactions have
rarely been studied. MINERvA previously studied neutron production at an
average antineutrino energy of ~3 GeV in 2016 and found deficiencies in leading
models. In this paper, the MINERvA 6 GeV average antineutrino energy data set
is shown to have similar disagreements. A measurement of the cross section for
an antineutrino to produce two or more neutrons and have low visible energy is
presented as an experiment-independent way to explore neutron production
modeling. This cross section disagrees with several leading models'
predictions. Neutron modeling techniques from nuclear physics are used to
quantify neutron detection uncertainties on this result.Comment: 25 pages, 11 figures; Added ancillary files with cross section values
as .csv Matches preprint accepted by publishe
Simultaneous measurement of muon neutrino charged-current single production in CH, C, HO, Fe, and Pb targets in MINERvA
Neutrino-induced charged-current single production in the
resonance region is of considerable interest to
accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiments. In this work, high
statistics differential cross sections are reported for the semi-exclusive
reaction nucleon(s) on scintillator, carbon,
water, iron, and lead targets recorded by MINERvA using a wide-band
beam with \left \approx 6~GeV. Suppression of the cross
section at low and enhancement of low are observed in both light
and heavy nuclear targets compared to phenomenological models used in current
neutrino interaction generators. The cross-section ratios for iron and lead
compared to CH across the kinematic variables probed are 0.8 and 0.5
respectively, a scaling which is also not predicted by current generators.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, 117 pages of supplementary material; submitted to
Physical Review Letter
Simultaneous measurement of muon neutrino quasielastic-like cross sections on CH, C, water, Fe, and Pb as a function of muon kinematics at MINERvA
This paper presents the first simultaneous measurement of the
quasielastic-like neutrino-nucleus cross sections on C, water, Fe, Pb and
scintillator (hydrocarbon or CH) as a function of longitudinal and transverse
muon momentum. The ratio of cross sections per nucleon between Pb and CH is
always above unity and has a characteristic shape as a function of transverse
muon momentum that evolves slowly as a function of longitudinal muon momentum.
The ratio is constant versus longitudinal momentum within uncertainties above a
longitudinal momentum of 4.5GeV/c. The cross section ratios to CH for C, water,
and Fe remain roughly constant with increasing longitudinal momentum, and the
ratios between water or C to CH do not have any significant deviation from
unity. Both the overall cross section level and the shape for Pb and Fe as a
function of transverse muon momentum are not reproduced by current neutrino
event generators. These measurements provide a direct test of nuclear effects
in quasielastic-like interactions, which are major contributors to
long-baseline neutrino oscillation data samples.Comment: 9 pages, 8 flgures, including supplemental materia
Neutrino-induced coherent production in C, CH, Fe and Pb at GeV
MINERvA has measured the -induced coherent cross section
simultaneously in hydrocarbon (CH), graphite (C), iron (Fe) and lead (Pb)
targets using neutrinos from 2 to 20 GeV. The measurements exceed the
predictions of the Rein-Sehgal and Berger-Sehgal PCAC based models at multi-GeV
energies and at produced energies and angles,
GeV and . Measurements of the cross-section ratios of
Fe and Pb relative to CH reveal the effective -scaling to increase from an
approximate scaling at few GeV to an scaling for
GeV
Influence of 'Trichobilharzia regenti' (Digenea: Schistosomatidae) on the defence activity of 'Radix lagotis' (Lymnaeidae) haemocytes
Radix lagotis is an intermediate snail host of the nasal bird schistosome Trichobilharzia regenti. Changes in defence responses in infected snails that might be related to host-parasite compatibility are not known. This study therefore aimed to characterize R. lagotis haemocyte defence mechanisms and determine the extent to which they are modulated by T. regenti. Histological observations of R. lagotis infected with T. regenti revealed that early phases of infection were accompanied by haemocyte accumulation around the developing larvae 2â36 h post exposure (p.e.) to the parasite. At later time points, 44â92 h p.e., no haemocytes were observed around T. regenti. Additionally, microtubular aggregates likely corresponding to phagocytosed ciliary plates of T. regenti miracidia were observed within haemocytes by use of transmission electron microscopy. When the infection was in the patent phase, haemocyte phagocytic activity and hydrogen peroxide production were significantly reduced in infected R. lagotis when compared to uninfected counterparts, whereas haemocyte abundance increased in infected snails. At a molecular level, protein kinase C (PKC) and extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) were found to play an important role in regulating these defence reactions in R. lagotis. Moreover, haemocytes from snails with patent infection displayed lower PKC and ERK activity in cell adhesion assays when compared to those from uninfected snails, which may therefore be related to the reduced defence activities of these cells. These data provide the first integrated insight into the immunobiology of R. lagotis and demonstrate modulation of haemocyte-mediated responses in patent T. regenti infected snails. Given that immunomodulation occurs during patency, interference of snail-host defence by T. regenti might be important for the sustained production and/or release of infective cercariae
Identification and reconstruction of low-energy electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector
Measurements of electrons from interactions are crucial for the Deep
Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) neutrino oscillation program, as well as
searches for physics beyond the standard model, supernova neutrino detection,
and solar neutrino measurements. This article describes the selection and
reconstruction of low-energy (Michel) electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector.
ProtoDUNE-SP is one of the prototypes for the DUNE far detector, built and
operated at CERN as a charged particle test beam experiment. A sample of
low-energy electrons produced by the decay of cosmic muons is selected with a
purity of 95%. This sample is used to calibrate the low-energy electron energy
scale with two techniques. An electron energy calibration based on a cosmic ray
muon sample uses calibration constants derived from measured and simulated
cosmic ray muon events. Another calibration technique makes use of the
theoretically well-understood Michel electron energy spectrum to convert
reconstructed charge to electron energy. In addition, the effects of detector
response to low-energy electron energy scale and its resolution including
readout electronics threshold effects are quantified. Finally, the relation
between the theoretical and reconstructed low-energy electron energy spectrum
is derived and the energy resolution is characterized. The low-energy electron
selection presented here accounts for about 75% of the total electron deposited
energy. After the addition of lost energy using a Monte Carlo simulation, the
energy resolution improves from about 40% to 25% at 50~MeV. These results are
used to validate the expected capabilities of the DUNE far detector to
reconstruct low-energy electrons.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figure
Snowmass Neutrino Frontier: DUNE Physics Summary
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment with a primary physics goal of observing neutrino and antineutrino oscillation patterns to precisely measure the parameters governing long-baseline neutrino oscillation in a single experiment, and to test the three-flavor paradigm. DUNE's design has been developed by a large, international collaboration of scientists and engineers to have unique capability to measure neutrino oscillation as a function of energy in a broadband beam, to resolve degeneracy among oscillation parameters, and to control systematic uncertainty using the exquisite imaging capability of massive LArTPC far detector modules and an argon-based near detector. DUNE's neutrino oscillation measurements will unambiguously resolve the neutrino mass ordering and provide the sensitivity to discover CP violation in neutrinos for a wide range of possible values of ÎŽCP. DUNE is also uniquely sensitive to electron neutrinos from a galactic supernova burst, and to a broad range of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM), including nucleon decays. DUNE is anticipated to begin collecting physics data with Phase I, an initial experiment configuration consisting of two far detector modules and a minimal suite of near detector components, with a 1.2 MW proton beam. To realize its extensive, world-leading physics potential requires the full scope of DUNE be completed in Phase II. The three Phase II upgrades are all necessary to achieve DUNE's physics goals: (1) addition of far detector modules three and four for a total FD fiducial mass of at least 40 kt, (2) upgrade of the proton beam power from 1.2 MW to 2.4 MW, and (3) replacement of the near detector's temporary muon spectrometer with a magnetized, high-pressure gaseous argon TPC and calorimeter
Snowmass Neutrino Frontier: DUNE Physics Summary
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation
long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment with a primary physics goal of
observing neutrino and antineutrino oscillation patterns to precisely measure
the parameters governing long-baseline neutrino oscillation in a single
experiment, and to test the three-flavor paradigm. DUNE's design has been
developed by a large, international collaboration of scientists and engineers
to have unique capability to measure neutrino oscillation as a function of
energy in a broadband beam, to resolve degeneracy among oscillation parameters,
and to control systematic uncertainty using the exquisite imaging capability of
massive LArTPC far detector modules and an argon-based near detector. DUNE's
neutrino oscillation measurements will unambiguously resolve the neutrino mass
ordering and provide the sensitivity to discover CP violation in neutrinos for
a wide range of possible values of . DUNE is also uniquely
sensitive to electron neutrinos from a galactic supernova burst, and to a broad
range of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM), including nucleon decays.
DUNE is anticipated to begin collecting physics data with Phase I, an initial
experiment configuration consisting of two far detector modules and a minimal
suite of near detector components, with a 1.2 MW proton beam. To realize its
extensive, world-leading physics potential requires the full scope of DUNE be
completed in Phase II. The three Phase II upgrades are all necessary to achieve
DUNE's physics goals: (1) addition of far detector modules three and four for a
total FD fiducial mass of at least 40 kt, (2) upgrade of the proton beam power
from 1.2 MW to 2.4 MW, and (3) replacement of the near detector's temporary
muon spectrometer with a magnetized, high-pressure gaseous argon TPC and
calorimeter.Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 202
A Gaseous Argon-Based Near Detector to Enhance the Physics Capabilities of DUNE
This document presents the concept and physics case for a magnetized gaseous argon-based detector system (ND-GAr) for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Near Detector. This detector system is required in order for DUNE to reach its full physics potential in the measurement of CP violation and in delivering precision measurements of oscillation parameters. In addition to its critical role in the long-baseline oscillation program, ND-GAr will extend the overall physics program of DUNE. The LBNF high-intensity proton beam will provide a large flux of neutrinos that is sampled by ND-GAr, enabling DUNE to discover new particles and search for new interactions and symmetries beyond those predicted in the Standard Model
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