MAIZE HYBRID SEED PRODUCTION ON AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE OSIJEK

Poljoprivredni institut Osijek osnovan je 1875. godine na inicijativu tadašnjeg „Hrvatskog gospodarskog društva" u Osijeku, imenom "Agro-kulturno kemijski zavod". Pod nazivom Poljoprivredni institut Osijek radi neprekidno od 1961 . godine. U svom dugogodišnjem radu je značajno utjecao na unapređenje proizvodnje kvalitetnog sjemena. Tako su izgrađeni centri na: PIK-u Belje, VUPIK-u Vukovar, IPK-Oranica Osijek, PP Garešnica itd. U suradnji s poljo-privrednim kombinatima organizirao je proizvodnju i doradu sjemena te plasirao velike količine sjemena na domaćem i inozemnom tržištu. Prve količine sjemena hibridnog kukuruza (dvostruki križanci) Institut je proizveo 1958. godine u količini od 5.384 kg. Značajna proizvodnja OS hibrida kukuruza pocinje 70-ih godina, a komercijalno povećanje sjetvenih površina od 1975. godine. Najveća proizvodnja sjemena OS hibrida kukuruza bila je 1978. godine (7.846 ha- 12.239 t) a najmanja 1998. godine (147 ha-250 t). Poljoprivrednom Institutu je do danas priznato 116 hibrida kukuruza, od kojih se u širokoj proizvodnji nalazi svake godine 10-12 hibrida, FAO grupe 100-700. U strukturi sjetve merkantilnog kukuruza OS hibridi zauzimaju od 15 do 18% sjetvenih površina. Sjeme OS hibrida kukuruza danas se proizvodi u: Mađarskoj, Turskoj, Srbiji i Crnoj Gori, Slovačkoj, Kazakstanu.Agricultural Institute Osijek is the oldest institution for breeding and seed production in Croatia. Agricultural Institute Osijek established in 1875, on initiative „Croatian managing society“ with the name „Agro-cultur chemical Institut“. With the name Agricultural Institute Osijek work since 1961 and thru many years it has significant influence on quality seed production improvement. In the purpose of seed production improvement, Agricultural Institute Osijek has started with establishing particulary processing centers in cooperation with other managing subject, like technicaly key for further development and improvement of seed production. Processing centers has build on PIK Belje, VUPIK Vukovar, IPK Oranica Osijek, PP Garešnica etc. Agricultural Institut Osijek in cooperation with Agricultural combinat already organized production and processing of seed and also delivered a large amounts of seed on domestic and foreign market. The first hybrid maize seed (double - cross) Agricultural Institute Osijek produced in 1958 in amounts of 5 384 kg. Significant production of OS maize hybrids began in the early 70\u27s and commercial increasing of sowing surface f rom 1975. The largest production of OS maize hybrids was in 1978 with (7 .846 ha- 12.239 t ) and the smallest in 1998 (142 ha- 250 t). Today, Agricultural Institute Osijek has 116 registered maize hybrids FAO group 100-700. 10 to 12 of them are widespread in production every year. In total sowing structure in Croatia, OS maize hybrids occupied 15-18% of totaly sowing surface. Today, OS maize hybrid seed production established in some foreign countries like Hungary, Turkey, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia and Kazahstan

UTJECAJ NAVODNJAVANJA I GNOJIDBE DUŠIKOM NA SVOJSTVA SORATA SOJE (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Field trials were set during a two year period under field conditions in Osijek. The aim was to confirm an influence of irrigation rate, nitrogen (N) fertilization and soybean varieties on seed yield and some yield components. The irrigation treatments were: control (A1); soil moisture content from 60% to 100% retention water capacity (RWC, A2) and soil moisture content from 80% to 100% RWC (A3). Rate of N was sub sub-factor: 0 (B1); 100 (B2) and 200 kg N ha-1 (B3), were applied. Una (C1) and Anica (C2) soybean varieties were a sub-sub factor (C). Mean soybean seed yields were 3082 kg ha-1 and 3538 kg ha-1 in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Irrigation resulted high statistically influence in soybean seed yield in both investigated years. Variety Una yielded (3179 kg ha-1) statistically very higher than Anica in 2006. Irrigation had significant effect in pod number plant-1 only in year 2007. Interactions AB and AC were significant in pod number plant-1, in one year, while BC interaction was in both years. Thousand seed weight (g) resulted in significant effect in irrigation treatment in both years, N fertilization effect in year 2007, while variety Una had highly significant higher value than variety Anica, in both years. Irrigation, N fertilization and variety had statistical very significant influence on seed weight plant-1 in one year, only. Seed weight plant-1 interaction effects AB, BC and ABC were very significant in one year, while BC interaction was in both years. Irrigation and variety had significant influence on seed number plant-1 in both years, while interactions AB, AC, BC and ABC showed significant effect in both years or very significant once.Na području Osijeka tijekom dvije godine postavljeni su poljski pokusi. Cilj je rada bio utvrditi utjecaj navodnjavanja, gnojidbe dušikom (N) i kultivara soje na urod i neke komponente uroda. Varijante navodnjavanja bile su kontrola (A1); održavanje sadržaja vode u tlu od 60% do 100% retencijskoga kapaciteta za vodu (RKV, A2) i održavanje sadržaja vode u tlu od 80% do 100% RKV (A3). Količina N bio je podfaktor: 0 kg N ha-1 (B1); 100 (B2) i 200 kg N ha-1 (B3). Sorte Una (C1) i Anica (C2) bile su pod-podfaktor (C). Prosječan urod zrna soje bio je 3082 i 3538 kg ha-1 2006., odnosno 2007. godine. Navodnjavanje je rezultiralo statistički vrlo značajnom razlikom u urodu zrna soje u obje godine. Sorta Una imala je (3179 kg ha-1) statistički značajno veći urod od Anice u 2006. godini. Navodnjavanje je rezultiralo statistički značajnom razlikom u broju mahuna po biljci samo u 2007. godini. Interakcija AB i AC na broj mahuna po biljci bila je statistički značajna u jednoj godini, a interakcija BC u obje godine. Masa tisuću zrna (g) rezultirala je značajnim učinkom navodnjavanja u obje godine, učinak gnojidbe N u 2007. godini, dok je sorta Una bila vrlo značajno veća od Anice u obje godine. Navodnjavanje, gnojidba N i sorta soje rezultiralo je sa statistički značajnom masom zrna po biljci samo u jednoj godini. Interakcije AB, BC i ABC bile su vrlo značajne u masi zrna po biljci u jednoj godini, dok je interakcija BC bila značajna u obje godine. Navodnjavanje i sorta soje rezultirali su vrlo značajnim utjecajem na broj zrna po biljci u obje godine istraživanja, dok su interakcije AB, AC, BC i ABC bile značajne u obje godine ili vrlo značajne u jednoj godini

INFLUENCE OF STORAGE AND SEED TREATMENT ON SUNFLOWER SEED QUALITY

Sjeme suncokreta specifičnih je svojstava s obzirom na proces dorade i skladištenje. Tijekom skladištenja često dolazi do opadanja kakvoće sjemena, a pri tomu značajnu ulogu imaju: genotip, duljina i uvjeti skladištenja, tretman sjemena, vrsta ambalaže i dr. Ovim istraživanjem utvrđeno je opadanje energije klijanja i klijavosti sjemena suncokreta, a ispitivanje je obavljeno na netretiranom (kontrola) i tretiranom sjemenu (T1 : Geocid ST-35 i T2: Apron 35 DS). Analizirano je sjeme tri hibrida suncokreta Poljoprivrednog Instituta Osijek (Fakir, Orion i Olio) tijekom dvije godine skladištenja u "jumbo" vrećama (1999., 2000., 2001). Utvrđeni pad energije klijanja i klijavosti tretiranog sjemena, u prosjeku za sva tri hibrida, kretao se od 3 do 13%, a pad klijavosti netretiranog sjemena bio je manje izražen i iznosio je 2-5%. Najveći pad klijavosti zabilježen je na sjemenu hibrida Olio (13%), a najmanji na sjemenu hibrida Fakir (3%).Sunflower seed have specific characteristic considering seed processing, storage and seed treatment. During the storage time of seed supply, seed quality is often reduced. Significant influence on reduction of seed quality have: hybrid, storage time and conditions, the way of packing seed and seed treatment. This research analyse decreasing of seed germination viability and germination on untreated (control) and wet treated seed T1 (Geocid ST-35) and T2 (Apron 35 DS) on three hybrids of sunflower created on Agricultural institute Osijek (Fakir, Orion, Olio) during the three year of storage in „jumbo“ bags (1999, 2000 and 2001). Treated seed of all three hybrids had reduced germination viability and germination of seed from 3-13%. Untreated seed had smaler reduction (2-5%). The bigest reduction of germination viability and germination of seed had hybrid Olio (13%) and the smallest hybrid Fakir (3%)

FIELD EMERGENCE INDEX (FEI) OF SOYBEAN DEPEND ON CULTIVAR, SEED AGE, SEED TREATMENT AND PLANTING DATE

Pomoću indeksa poljskog nicanja (FEI = poljsko nicanje/standardna klijavost x 100) u radu je prikazana veza standardne klijavosti (SG) i poljskog nicanja (FE) soje. Indeks je promatran pod utjecajem nekoliko važnih činitelja vigora sjemena soje: kultivara, starosti i tretmana sjemena fungicidom kao i različitih uvjeta u sjetvi. Rezultati ispitivanja upućuju na to da sjeme odgovarajućeg vigora (SG≈85%) ima podudarne vrijednosti SG i FE (SG≈FE, FEI≈1 00). U tom slučaju SG precizno je predviđala FE, a prilikom sjetve takvog sjemena nije bilo rizika ukoliko sjeme nije tretirano fungicidom prije sjetve ili ako je sjetva obavljena u manje povoljnim uvjetima u polju. Nasuprot tomu, kod sjemena reduciranog vigora (SGFE, FEI= 40-100), tj. postojala je velika mogućnost smanjenog FE u odnosu na SG. Međutim, prilikom korištenja ovakvog sjemena, tretman sjemena fungicidom i sjetva u povoljnijim ekološkim uvjetima značajno su pridonijeli tomu da se u poljskim uvjetima ponove rezultati iz laboratorija (SG≈FE, FEI≈100). Ovo saznanje može značajno smanjiti rizik u sjetvi i pridonijeti postizanju odgovarajućih sklopova biljaka u polju.In the paper are presented relationship between standard germination (SG) and field emergence (FE) with field emergence index (FEl= field emergence/ standard germination x 100). Index was showed under influence of few important factors of seed vigor: cultivar, seed age and seed treatment as well as different seedbed conditions. Results showed that the seed with optimal vigor (SG≈90%) has very similar SG and FE values (SG≈FE, FEI≈100). That means that during the sowing of such seed, there was no risk if we use untreated seed or if there are unfavorable field conditions. On the contrary, by seed with reduced vigor (SGFE, FEI=40-100), there was a very great possibility of reduced FE. lf we use such seed, fungicide seed treatment and sowing in optimal seedbed conditions can significantly contribute to the repetition of laboratory results in field condiitons (SG≈FE, FEI≈100). This knowledge can significantly reduce risk in sowing and contribute to improvement of soybean seed performance and stand establishment

Present state and possibilities of Croatian seed industry

Istraživanjem je prikazana proizvodnja sjemena u Republici Hrvatskoj od njezinih početka, trenutnog stanja do budućeg razvoja. Za prikaz su odabrane važnije sastavnice proizvodnje kao i vremenska razdoblja koja su obilježila proizvodnju sjemena u R.H. U Hrvatskoj je danas godišnja proizvodnja sjemena na oko 30.000 ha s proizvodnjom oko 200.000 t sjemena Istraživanjem su obuhvaćene potrebe za sjemenom, organizacija sjemenske proizvodnje, površine za sjemensku proizvodnju, doradbeni kapaciteti, distribucija, cijena, izvoz i uvoz sjemena.This investigation show seed production in Croatia from begining to the present state and future possibilities. Research emphasize important seed productions as well as specific time period. Present seed production in Croatia is organized on 30 000 ha and approximatly 200 000 t grain yield per year. Investigation included seed request, organization of seed production, seed production areas, seed processing capacity, distribution, costs, seed export and import

Influence of growth stimulators on the initial growth of maize hybrids

Tretiranje sjemena kukuruza stimulatorima rasta novija je mjera u procesu dorade i proizvodnje sjemena. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj različitih stimulatora rasta na početni porast mladih biljaka kukuruza. Tijekom 2020. godine u Osijeku su provedena istraživanja na tri hibrida kukuruza čije je sjeme tretirano uz mješavinu fungicida i insekticida s još četiri komercijalne varijante tretmana stimulatora rasta. Nakon nicanja provedena su mjerenja visine biljke i mase nadzemnog dijela biljke u vegetacijskoj fazi početnog porasta kukuruza. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su statistički vrlo značajan utjecaj stimulatora rasta na visinu biljke, a isto tako i na masu nadzemnog dijela biljke. Najveći pozitivan učinak izmjeren je kod hibrida kukuruza OSSK 403 za oba promatrana agronomska svojstva. Primjena stimulatora rasta na sjemenu hibrida kukuruza je vrlo jednostavna u samom postupku dorade te se zbog kasnijeg pozitivnog učinka na početni porast hibrida kukuruza može preporučiti u proizvodnji kukuruza. Pozitivno djelovanje stimulatora rasta na metabolizam biljaka u mnogome pomažu biljci kukuruza prevladavanju negativnih agroekoloških utjecaja.Treatment of corn seeds with growth stimulants is a newer measure in the process of seed processing and production. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different growth stimulators on the initial growth of young maize plants. The research was conducted on three maize hybrids whose seeds were treated with four commercial variants of growth stimulator treatment. After germination, measurements of plant height and mass of the aboveground part of the plant in the vegetation phase of the initial growth of maize were performed. The results of the research showed a statistically very significant influence of growth stimulators on the height of the plant and also on the mass of the aboveground part of the plant. The greatest positive effect was measured in maize hybrids OSSK 403 for both observed agronomic traits. The application of growth stimulators on maize hybrid seeds is very simple in the finishing process and due to the subsequent positive effect on the initial growth of maize hybrids can be recommended in maize production. The positive effects of growth stimulants on plant metabolism greatly help the maize plant to overcome negative agroecological impacts

EFFICIENCY OF FINISHING MACHINES IN THE BUSINESS PROCESS OF ALFALFA SEED PRODUCTION

U procesu proizvodnje kvalitetnog sjemena lucerne potrebno je proizvesti sjeme te ga adekvatno doraditi i skladištiti u skladu sa zakonskim aktima i pravilima struke. Stoga je i cilj ovog istraživanja bio utvrditi koji su dijelovi dorade kritične točke dorade te odrediti stupnjeve iskoristivosti svake pojedine faze dorade i tako utvrditi koja faza dorade koliko doprinosi kvaliteti sjemena. U RH najveće količine sjemena proizvode se na području Istarske županije i provedenim istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno pet proizvođača s navedenog agroekološkog područja tijekom tri uzastopne proizvodne godine (2017., 2018. i 2019.). Primarna dorada odrađena je na selektoru i gravitacijskom odjeljivaču, a sekundarna na magnetnom odjeljivaču. Čistoća naturalnog sjemena dopremljenog na doradu kretala seu rasponu od 76% do 92%. Iskoristivost sjemena u doradi u trogodišnjem istraživanju iznosio je 76,14 %. U procesu dorade sjemena lucerne najveća količina otpada bila je na selektoru i kretala se od 16,6% do 19,8%, dok su otpadi na magnetnom odjeljivaču u svim godinama dorade bili sličnih vrijednosti i iznosili u prosjeku 5,9 %. Proces dorade potrebno je provoditi sve dok se ne dostigne propisana kvaliteta sjemena. Rezultati istraživanja o učinkovitosti strojeva za doradu sjemena lucerne ukazuju na ovisnost o ulaznim parametrima naturalnog sjemena, a najviše o prisustvu brojnih primjesa na konačnu količinu i kvalitetu sjemena lucerne.Alfalfa is a perennial plant that is considered the most important foddercrop for the production of quality fodder. Ensuring sufficient quantities of quality seeds is the first prerequisite in the process of producing quality foddermass of alfalfa, and high-value seeds are obtained by processing and properstorage of processed seeds. The aim of the research was to determine the yields of processing after each phase of processing in the process of alfalfa seed processing and thus determine contribution of each phase of processing to the quality of seeds. In the Republic of Croatia, the largest quantities of alfalfa seeds are produced in the Istrian County, and the conducted research covered five producers from the mentioned agro-ecological are a during three consecutive production years (2017, 2018 and 2019). The primary processing was done on a selector and a gravity separator, and the secondary on a magnetic separator. The purity of natural seeds delivered for processing ranged from 76% to 92%. The processing yield in the three-year survey was 76.14%. In processing alfalfa seeds, the largest amount of waste was on the selector and ranged from 16.6% to 19.8%, while the waste on the magnetic separator in all years of processing was of similar value and averaged 5.9%. Seed processing must be carried out until the prescribed seed quality is reached. The results of research on the efficiency of alfalfa seed processing machines indicate the dependence on the input parameters of natural seeds, and most of all on the presence of numerous impurities on the final quantity and quality of alfalfa seeds

Effect of treatments seed on chemical composition of sunflower seed

Istraživanjem je utvrđen utjecaj tretmana sjemena na kemijski sastav zrna suncokreta (Fakir i Apolon) tijekom skladištenja od 12 mjeseci. Naturalni i tretirani uzorci sjemena suncokreta s insekticidima Apron + Chinok, te Apron + Geocid, upakirani su u papirnatu dvoslojnu natron vreću i uskladišteni u betonsko-montažno skladište (vlaga zraka 60-75% i temperatura 20-25oC). Nakon 12 mjeseci sadržaj ulja u zrnu izmjeren je spektroskopskom metodom nuklearne magnetne rezonancije (NMR). Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da sjeme hibrida Fakir ima manji sadržaj ulja (47,16%) od sjemena hibrida Apolon (51,37%). Nakon skladištenja naturalno sjeme imalo je veći sadržaj ulja od tretiranog sjemena (od 3,11 do 6,05%). Tretiranjem sjemena pripravkom Apron+Geocid sadržaj ulja oba hibrida suncokreta je umanjen od 6,07 do 7,01%.This investigation aimed to examine effect of treatmens of sunflower seed (hybrids Fakir and Apolon) on grain chemical composition (oil and protein content) during the storage. Un-powdered and with insecticides Apron + Chinok, and Apron + Geocid samples of sunflower seeds were put in double layered craft paper bag and stored on concrete prefabricated warehouse (air moisture 60 –75% and temperature 20-25o C). Seed samples intended for chemical grain analyses were taken after 12 months. Content of total oil was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy method. Sunflower seed of Fakir hybrid was, at the initial storage, characterized by 47,165% of oil content whereas sunflower seed of Apolon hybrid was known for 51,37% of oil content. Twelve months later oil content of treated sunflower seed was lower for 3,11-6,05%. Seed treatment with the agent Apron + Geocid reduced oil of both hybrids for 6,07-7,01%

Brašno - Kruh '15

Proceedings contains 28 original research articles presented at 8th International Congress Flour – Bread ’15 and 10th Croatian Congress of Cereal Technologists Brašno – Kruh ’1