Granuloma annulare: report of 13 patients treated with photodynamic therapy

Dear Editor, Granuloma annulare (GA) is a benign in?ammatory granuloma- tous skin. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been described as another therapeutic option for localized GA, with a degree of recommendation B. Therefore, we have carried out a review of all patients with GA treated with PDT in our Dermatology Unit. We performed a retrospective observational study in San Jorge Hospital (Huesca, Spain) including all patients diagnosed with GA and treated with PDT between 2007 and 2018. Diagno- sis of GA was clinical and a skin biopsy was performed if it was necessary. In all patients, methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) or aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was applied under occlusive and opa- que dressing for 3 h and illuminated with LED 635 nm (Aktilite?, Uppsala, Sweden) with a ?uence of 37 J/cm . The lesions were prepared by a soft curettage or microneedling, and some lesions did not receive any kind of prior skin preparation. Continuous variables were described using means and standard deviations. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS soft- ware (version 20.0; IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA). Thirteen patients were included in the study (Table 1). Eleven cases (84.6%) were women and two men (15.4%), with a mean of 53 years old. Eighty-four per cent patients (n = 11) ..

Granuloma annulare: report of 13 patients treated with photodynamic therapy

Dear Editor, Granuloma annulare (GA) is a benign in?ammatory granuloma- tous skin. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been described as another therapeutic option for localized GA, with a degree of recommendation B. Therefore, we have carried out a review of all patients with GA treated with PDT in our Dermatology Unit. We performed a retrospective observational study in San Jorge Hospital (Huesca, Spain) including all patients diagnosed with GA and treated with PDT between 2007 and 2018. Diagno- sis of GA was clinical and a skin biopsy was performed if it was necessary. In all patients, methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) or aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was applied under occlusive and opa- que dressing for 3 h and illuminated with LED 635 nm (Aktilite?, Uppsala, Sweden) with a ?uence of 37 J/cm . The lesions were prepared by a soft curettage or microneedling, and some lesions did not receive any kind of prior skin preparation. Continuous variables were described using means and standard deviations. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS soft- ware (version 20.0; IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA). Thirteen patients were included in the study (Table 1). Eleven cases (84.6%) were women and two men (15.4%), with a mean of 53 years old. Eighty-four per cent patients (n = 11) ..

Histórico de la demografía del mimetismo mülleriano en las mariposas neotropicales Heliconius

We compare the historical demographies of two Müllerian comimetic butterfly species: Heliconius erato and Heliconius melpomene. These species show an extensive parallel geographic divergence in their aposematic wing phenotypes. Recent studies suggest that this coincident mosaic results from simultaneous demographic processes shaped by extrinsic forces over Pleistocene climate fluctuations. However, DNA sequence variation at two rapidly evolving unlinked nuclear loci, Mannose phosphate isomerase (Mpi) and Triose phosphate isomerase (Tpi), show that the comimetic species have quite different quaternary demographies. In H. erato, despite ongoing lineage sorting across the Andes, nuclear genealogical estimates showed little geographical structure, suggesting high historical gene flow. Coalescent-based demographic analysis revealed population growth since the Pliocene period. Although these patterns suggest vicariant population subdivision associated with the Andean orogeny, they are not consistent with hypotheses of Pleistocene population fragmentation facilitating allopatric wing phenotype radiation in H. erato. In contrast, nuclear genetic diversity, ?,in H. melpomene was reduced relative to its comimic and revealed three phylogeographical clades. The pattern of coalescent events within regional clades was most consistent with population growth in relatively isolated populations after a recent period of restricted population size. These different demographic histories suggest that the wing-pattern radiations were not coincident in the two species. Instead, larger effective population size (N e) in H. erato, together with profound population change in H. melpomene, supports an earlier hypothesis that H. erato diversified first as the model species of this remarkable mimetic association

OBSERVADORES DEL MAR - A MARINE CITIZEN SCIENCE PLATFORM WORKING FOR A HEALTHY OCEAN

Observadores del Mar is a marine citizen science platform launched in 2012 devoted to enhancing the understanding of the conservation status of marine ecosystems. The platform hosts different projects reporting information on two main topics: i) biodiversity data focusing mainly on species distribution and abundance, and ii) the impacts of anthropogenic activities, including both the occurrence of episodic events (e.g. jellyfish blooms) and associated mid- to long-term changes (e.g. colonization of invasive species)