Management of the productiveness of higher education in the development of branches of the national economy

The scientific problem of the article is the need to create scientific approaches to the formation of a higher education output management model for the sectors of the national economy. The relevance of the problem is caused by absence of direct positive influence of separate results formed by higher education sphere on indicators of national economy output. The article is devoted to the formation of conceptual approaches to managing the effectiveness of higher education from the position of national economy branches output growth. The methodological basis of the study is the theories of economic growth factors, including innovation theory and models of exogenous and endogenous economic growth, human capital theory, knowledge economy theory, management theory, methodological and experimental studies confirming a significant impact of the results of university educational and scientific activities on national economy output. The results of the effects produced by higher education sphere in the implementation of national economy sectors output has been analyzed. The analysis allows to determine the directions of improving the mechanisms of higher education producibility management for national economy – changing the forms of university teachers’ scientific attestation, systems of graduates’ regional distribution, and algorithms concerning international activity of universities

Assessment of the Introduction of Hybrid Models of Social Services in Russian Regions

Для преодоления неравномерности потребления социальных услуг и ликвидации дисбалансов социального развития регионов России необходимы инструменты увеличения выпуска социальных услуг при существующей ресурсной базе. В этих целях в качестве метода настоящего исследования использовалось построение корреляционной модели показателя выпуска и параметров, характеризующих интенсивность развития в регионах гибридных моделей сферы социальных услуг. Информационная база исследования охватывает данные о суммах государственного заказа, направленного негосударственным производителям социальных услуг, данные о средствах, направленных на инвестирование в основной капитал в рамках проектов ГЧП, данные о суммах грантов, полученных социально ориентированными некоммерческими организациями за период 2013-2020 гг. Полученные результаты показывают, что в большинстве регионов адаптивное перераспределение ресурсов в рамках гибридных моделей положительно коррелирует с выпуском. Высокий уровень однонаправленной положительной связанности изменения сумм государственного заказа у негосударственных производителей и совокупного выпуска характерен для 34 регионов РФ, положительная связь выпуска социальных услуг и инвестиционной активности в рамках проектов ГЧП наблюдается у 64 регионов РФ, положительное воздействие оказания грантовой поддержки СО НКО на выпуск социальных услуг наблюдается для большинства регионов РФ, причем существенность влияния данных факторов наблюдается у 51 региона. Вместе с тем выявлено, что решающую роль в обеспечении роста выпуска социальных услуг играет возможность получения бюджетного финансирования негосударственными производителями. Данные выводы во многом противоречат изначальной цели развития гибридной модели - привлечению в социальный сектор частного капитала, которое позволило бы снизить бюджетные затраты на оказание социальных услуг. Вопрос целесообразности развития гибридной модели при условии обеспечения негосударственных участников ресурсами за счет бюджета должен рассматриваться непосредственно на региональном уровне.In order to overcome the uneven consumption of social services and eliminate social development imbalances, Russian regions require measures to increase the output of such services with the existing resource base. To this end, the present study built a correlation model of the output indicator and parameters of the development intensity for regions characterised by hybrid models of social services. Data on state orders to private producers of social services, data on funds allocated for investment in fixed assets, including public-private partnership infrastructure projects, and data on grant funds directed to socially-oriented non-profit organisations for the period 2013-2020 were analysed. The obtained results show that adaptive redistribution of resources within hybrid models positively correlates with the output in most regions. Thus, a unidirectional positive relationship between changes in the sum of state orders to private producers and total output is characteristic for 34 Russian regions. A positive correlation between the output of social services and public-private partnership investment is observed in 64 regions. Grant support to socially-oriented non-profit organisations positively affects the output in most regions; this impact is significant for 51 regions. Simultaneously, the possibility of obtaining government funds by private producers is crucial for ensuring the growth of the output of social services. These findings largely contradict the original goal of developing a hybrid model, which is to attract private capital to the social sector in order to reduce budget expenditures for social services. The feasibility of the hybrid model, considering the provision of private participants with government funds, should be examined directly at the regional level

Monosegmental transpodicular spondylosynthesis when treatment of isolated fractures of lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

Object. The state ot the injured spinal motion segment after pedicle monosegmental spondylosynthesis. Objective. To evaluate the outcomes of monosegmental transpedicular spondylosynthesis in patients with incomplete burst fractures of the vertebral bodies in the lower thoracic and lumbar spine. Methods. Clinical, radiation (spondylography, computed tomography), statistics. Results. The use of monosegmental spondylosynthesis in combination with an external fixation device ‘Crab* as reposition module is effective in patients with incomplete bodies burst fractures of lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae in the absence of free bone fragments in the lumen of the spinal canal and normal bone mineral density.Объект исследования: состояние травмированного позвоночного двигательного сегмента после моносегментарного транспедикулярного спондилосинтеза. Цель работы: оценить результаты хирургического лечения больных с неполными взрывными переломами тел позвонков в нижнегрудном и поясничном отделах позвоночника, которым был выполнен моносегментарный транспедикулярный спондилосинтез. Методы исследования: клинический, лучевой (спондилография, компьютерная томография), статистический. Результаты исследования: применение моносегментарного транспедикулярного спондилосинтеза в комбинации с аппаратом внешней фиксации «Краб» в качестве репозиционного модуля эффективно у пациентов с неполными взрывными переломами тел нижних грудных и поясничных позвонков при условии отсутствия свободных костных фрагментов в просвете позвоночного канала и нормальной минеральной плотностью костной ткани

Methodology of adaptive management of industrial park structure based on stakeholder approach

The purpose of the scientific research presented in this article is the development of the methodological bases for the management of industrial park structures as objects of management. The necessity of the development and development of adaptive management in modern economic conditions is substantiated. The author set the task of exploring the possibilities of adaptive management technology in the context of the development of a stakeholder approach theory for industrial park structures, involving a large number of stakeholders that directly and indirectly influence activities and the subsequent distribution of the results of these activities among stakeholders effects. The central task of the adaptive management of the industrial park structure as an object of management is the search for a mechanism to adapt the strategic priorities of its existence and the corresponding streamlining of decisions and activities in accordance with the identified strategic priorities. The characteristic features of Management by objectives (MBO), proposed in 1954 by Peter Drucker (DruckerP.), The modified Tableau de bord system developed by Chiapello E., Lebas M., and the concept and adaptive management of key performance indicators Key Performance Indicators ( KPI). The study revealed trends in the structure of services provided by consulting companies for the implementation of adaptive management systems in Russia. A sectoral profile of implemented projects on the implementation of adaptive management systems in Russian companies is presented. The methodological problems of implementing an adaptive control system are studied. In conclusion, the author proposes a methodology for adaptive management of an industrial park structure based on building a set of strategic measures aimed at leveling the development strategy of an industrial park structure depending on the state of development indicators, including for the purpose of making decisions on regulating this system, the set of possible options in case of rejection of the indicative assessment of the result of the activity of the stakeholder

Research of functions implemented by digital platforms in the field of employment

The expansion of the use of digital platforms in the field of employment actualizes the study of models, methods and algorithm of their functioning. The spread of forms of non-traditional employment based on the activities of digital platforms leads to the need to introduce functions that allow monitoring issues of social, medical insurance, labor protection of employees. As a research method, a three-stage algorithm for describing the functions implemented in the course of the activities of Russian digital platforms is proposed. The result of the study of forty-four Russian digital platforms operating in the field of employment of the population allowed us to conclude about the weak implementation of control functions through the digital platform for the realization of the rights to social and medical insurance and labor protection of workers. At the same time, the correlation between the degree of implementation of the functions of the digital platform and the number of active users has been revealed, which indicates the importance of the factor of functional fullness for the activities of the digital platform

COMPETENCY ASSESSMENT OF A SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION GRADUATE ACCORDING TO WORLDSKILLS STANDARDS

Introduction. The relevance of the research topic presented in this article is due to the need to spread the practice of assessing competencies formed during the training of graduates of secondary vocational education. The implementation of the comprehensive assessment tasks of the students’ competencies of secondary vocational education is carried out by conducting intermediate and final certification in the form of a demonstration exam according to WorldSkills standards. Aim. The aim of this article was to summarise the results of scaling up the practice of conducting a demonstration exam according to WorldSkills standards in the regional and competency-based sections, to identify factors that contribute to the expansion of the use of the demonstration exam procedure when conducting attestation procedures. Methodology and research methods. The theoretical level of the study included a generalisation of the provisions of the competency-based approach to the training of students in secondary vocational education. The empirical level of the study included an analysis of statistical materials reflecting the results of demonstration exams according to the WorldSkills standards by regions and competencies (skills). The results obtained were verified based on a survey of certified WorldSkills experts. The following general scientific methods were used: analytical review of scientific literature and the content of regulatory documents, generalisation, comparison, synthesis. Results. Only 30.86% of students confirmed the compliance of the acquired knowledge with WorldSkills standards. Among the main reasons for the low preparedness of students, there is a shortage of equipment, consumables, methodological developments, and inconsistency with the content of educational programmes. The low interest of employers is due to the discrepancy between the specifics of the competencies for which demonstration exams are held and the sectoral structure of the regional economy. This situation requires a revision of the processes of training students and the introduction of elements of a competency-based approach. Thus, the formed system for conducting intermediate and final certification in the form of a demonstration exam according to WorldSkills standards needs to be harmonised, the result of which should be the interconnection of the employer’s needs in the competencies of secondary vocational education students. The solution to this problem can be based on a number of regional programmes for staffing the regional economy. Scientific novelty. The novelty of the proposed assessment methodology of the competency-based approach consists in the use of a new integrative property formed in the learning process – competency, taking into account the system of behavioural indicators describing professional activity in terms of observed behaviour. Practical significance. The results obtained will help to develop the elements of a new educational infrastructure of innovative self-development in the regions of the Russian Federation, e.g. centres for advanced training, centres for conducting demonstration exams. Moreover, research results will help eliminate barriers to the spread of the spectrum of competencies and increase in the effectiveness of the formation and development of human capital on the principles of project management in order to increase the participation of employers in the process of training and certification of secondary vocational education graduates. © 2022 Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University. All rights reserved

Institutional factors in the evaluation by the entrepreneur of municipality investment climate

The article presents the results of the survey assessing the satisfaction level of small and medium businesses of the Sverdlovsk region with the factors of the institutional environment created in the area. Modern economics identifies four economic benefits of entrepreneurship development: job generation; productivity growth; innovation and economic growth. Governments, however, can exert either a positive or a negative influence on the extent to which in practice these benefits materialize. The positive result of Government policy is the investment appeal of the territory. We suppose, that the investment appeal of the territory depends on the correlation of the indicator of satisfaction and objective parameters of the institutional environment. Data for the subjective view was the survey of the satisfaction level of small and medium businesses of the Sverdlovsk region with the factors of the institutional environment at the year 2015 (more than 1000 respondents in 72 territories). Data for the objective view was Reports of the Heads of Sverdlovsk region municipalities about the efficiency in the municipal management, made public in 2015. The results of the research allow to develop a series of recommendations to improve the institutional environment for small and medium businesses. The basis for the selection of priority measures to improve the satisfaction of entrepreneurs is the correlation of the indicator of satisfaction and objective parameters of the institutional environment. The recommendations of the paper can be used by State and Municipal Governments in the policy of the increase of territory investment appeal. The scientific results of the research can become the base for further investigations of the correlation between subjective and objective factors of territorial development.Представлены результаты исследования уровня удовлетворенности малого и среднего бизнеса Свердловской области факторами институциональной среды, созданными в регионе. Обозначен подход к методике изучения инвестиционных условий работы субъектов малого и среднего предпринимательства

Assessment of the competitive environment in the regional markets

The maturity of competitiveness and its dynamics is a focus of assessing state decisions aimed for economic growth. To estimate the maturity of the competitive environment, researchers apply different methods. However, synthesis of the existing approaches has revealed the comparability of various approaches to the assessment of the maturity of the competitive environment. The authors have proposed a methodology of comprehensive assessment, which includes the estimation of market concentration, diverging trends of revenue and costs, survey of entrepreneurs. The comparison of the estimations employs a three-stage model of data processing. This model consequently compares the characteristics of markets maturity obtained while implementing the above-mentioned approaches. We have tested the methodology using the materials of the research performed in 2015-2017 on the territory of Sverdlovsk Region. Our study has shown the following essential results. Firstly, we have classified socially important and priority markets of Sverdlovsk Region by the level of competitiveness development. Most of the markets are estimated as the markets with missing and low competition. The majority of them represent the segments of the education market. The authors also grouped highly competitive markets, which include the retail market, the market of overland carriage of passengers, the market of communication services and the market of cultural services. Moreover, we specified the group of markets with a moderate competition. This group consists of the market of housing and communal services, social services market, and the market of medical products. Secondly, we confirmed that the assessment of a competitive situation using one of the approaches is imprecise. Both in 2015 and in 2016, there is no convergence in estimates received by statistical and survey methods for the market of social services and certain segments of the education market. The authors explain it by a considerable share of the "grey" sector in these markets, which cannot be fully analyzed. Hence, we recommend to use survey methods to analyze competition in the markets of education and social services as these methods allow considering insider information and the illegal tendencies of their development. The results of the research may contribute the analysis of competition as well as the development of antimonopoly policy at the federal and regional levels. © 2018 Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.Проведено исследование схожести оценок сформированности и динамики конкурентной среды социально значимых и приоритетных рынков Свердловской области. Представлены результаты исследования сопоставимости статистического и опросного подходов к оценке сформированности и динамики конкурентной среды