Culture system for Wolffia globosa L. (Lemnaceae) for hygiene human food

This study aimed to develop a suitable culture system for the mass production of Wolffia globosa for human consumption. W. globosa was grown in five different culture systems (static, vertical aeration, horizontal surface agitation, system with top water spraying and layer culturing system with top water spraying). Dry weight of W. globosa determined every 7 days indicated that a horizontal surface agitation provided the highest mass of 42.94±2.17 g/m2 and significantly difference with others in 28 days (p<0.05). Twenty one days-culture of W. globosa in the horizontal circulation produced the highest yield of 1.52±0.04 g dry weight/m2 /d and was significantly higher than yields in other systems. Frond size of W. globosa in 7 days culture was the biggest of all the culture systems; however, no significant difference was found among the culture systems. The biomass had 48.2% protein with complete essential amino acids, 9.6% fat and 14.5% crude fiber with low bacterial contamination

Activation of Cassava Stem Biochar by Physico-Chemical Method for Stimulating Cadmium Removal Efficiency from Aqueous Solution

Removal of Cadmium (Cd) from aqueous solution using biochar was considered a cost effective sorbent. Biochar quality and specification depend on its carbonization processes. In this study, the cassava stem biochars were produced at temperature of 300, 400 and 500 °C with slow pyrolysis technique. The biochar in each carbonization temperature was activated with physico-chemical treatments, pre-activated by 1.63M KOH solution then activated with second pyrolysis as same as first pyrolysis conditions. Adsorption study by using biochar adsorb Cd ion from Cd(NO3)2 solution by batch static method. The results indicated that the removal efficiency of activated biochar produced at pyrolysis temperature 300 °C can be increased from 10.46 to 24.88 mg/g and was selected for adsorption characteristic and biochar properties. Adsorption isotherm of non-activated and activated biochar were fitted both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm (r2>0.95). The BET surface area of activated biochar was increased from 6.8818 to 9.4964 m2/g, while, pore size and chemical properties could be preserved. In summary, our results suggest that KOH pre-activated and second pyrolysis could increase Cd removal efficiency from aqueous solution