Antimicrobial activities of Nardostachys jatamansi extract against multidrug resistant bacterial species

At present, multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria have become widespread worldwide, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates in bacterial infections. Again, as there is practically no new antimicrobial agent in the pipeline, this will create a threat to humanity for their survival. In this study, we explored the possible antimicrobial action of ethanolic extract of a typical plant of West Bengal, Nardostachys jatamansi, against MDR and American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strain bacteria. Antimicrobial activities of Nardostachys jatamansi ethanol extract were studied by disc diffusion technique, and then minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination was done by serial dilution in Mueller Hinton broth. Ethanolic extract of Nardostachys jatamansi showed antimicrobial activities with MIC varied between 2.77- 5.82 mg/mL in both MDR and ATCC bacteria. Ethanolic extract of Nardostachys jatamansi is an effective antimicrobial agent on MDR bacteria and may help save the lives of many critically ill patients

Development and Standardisation of a Method for Inflicting Frostbite Injury in Rats and Formulation of Essential Oil in Treatment of Frostbite

Frostbite is a cold induced injury which occurs due to exposure of a particular site of body to sub-zero temperature. One of the primary reasons for lack of proper studies about the underlying mechanism of frostbite injury is due to non-availability of any reliable animal model and method for inflicting frostbite. In our current research, a device was designed and standardised to inflict frostbite wound in wistar rat. A formulation comprising different combination of essential oils was also developed and its activity was assessed and found effective in the treatment of frostbite wound

Community perception and utilization of services for the severe wasted children aged 6–59 months in the Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals and their nearest host communities in Bangladesh: a qualitative exploration

IntroductionThere is a paucity of data on community perception and utilization of services for wasted children in Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN) and their nearest host communities.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study to explore community perceptions and understand the utilization of services for severely wasted children among the FDMN and their nearest host communities in Teknaf, Cox’s Bazar. We carried out 13 focus group discussions and 17 in-depth interviews with the caregivers of the children of 6–59 months, and 8 key informant interviews.ResultsCaregivers’ perceived causes of severe wasting of their children included caregivers’ inattention, unhygienic practices, and inappropriate feeding practices. However, the context and settings of the FDMN camps shaped perceptions of the FDMN communities. Caregivers in both the FDMN and host communities sought care from healthcare providers for their children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) when they were noticed and encouraged by their neighbors or community outreach workers, and when their SAM children suffered from diseases such as diarrhea and fever. Some caregivers perceived ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) as a food to be shared and so they fed it to their non-SAM children.DiscussionCaregivers of the children having SAM with complications, in the FDMN and host communities, were reluctant to stay in stabilization centers or complex respectively, due to their households’ chores and husbands’ unwillingness to grant them to stay. The findings of this study are expected to be used to design interventions using locally produced RUTF for the management of SAM children in the FDMN, as well as to inform the health sector working on SAM child management in the host communities

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Not AvailableA RIL population of jute was developed by crossing one resistant accession CIM 036 and a susceptible variety JRC 412. Two cDNA libraries were constructed using pool of mRNA from healthy as well as infected seedlings from all the 177 RIL lines. A significant number of defense genes involved in the defense-response were identified viz. cell wall biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene, jasmonic acid (JA), abscissic acid (ABA), hormone signaling, hypersensitive response (HR) and programmed cell death (PCD) pathways. Furthermore, microRNA analysis revealed that Trans-acting siRNAs (tasiRNAs) negatively regulate these target transcripts and are characterized by siRNAs spaced in 21-nucleotide (nt) “phased” intervals. We identified highly abundant 22-nt miRNA families that target conserved domains in these SA/JA/ABA precursors and trigger the production of trans-acting siRNAs. SA and JA1 transcripts were found to be cleaved by these 22-nt miRNA generating phasiRNA, suggesting silencing pathogenicity pathway of Macrophomina phaseolina. Gene function annotation was studied in jute-M. phaseolina interaction in each of the 177 lines of a RIL population. tasiRNA based SAR regulation demonstrated master regulator of a large gene family. It is the first report of studying resistance mechanism in jute against M. phaseolina in a RIL population through transcript and miRNA analysisNot Availabl

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Not AvailableJute is the most important bast fibre crop of the world. Stem rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is a major constraint of jute cultivation. Recent advances in genomics and bioinformatics have enabled the development of highthroughput genotyping, allowing the construction of saturated linkage maps for identification of resistant lines. In the present study, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were developed and were used to generate comprehensive linkage maps for Corchorus capsularis. From a set of 43,335 variant nucleotide positions detected through in silico analysis, 768 SNPs were selected for genotyping of a recombinant inbred line population. A total of 705 SNPs (91.7 %) successfully detected segregating polymorphisms. In addition to EST–SNPs, genomic simple sequence repeats were assigned to the genetic map in order to obtain an evenly distributed genome-wide coverage. Nine linkage groups were constructed from genetic maps with estimated cumulative total map length of 2016 cM and average inter-locus interval of 4.2 cM. SNP assay and linkage mapping are important set of tools for marker-assisted selection, and it could be used for identifying resistance to M. phaseolina in jute cultivars. This is the first report of developing SNP markers and SNP-based linkage map in jute.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableMacrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is the most important pathogen of jute and primarily causes seedling blight, leaf spot and stem rot. The pathogen was detected from field samples by a simple method of direct PCR (dPCR) which obviates the steps of DNA extraction. The leaf bits were treated with a lysis buffer at 65°C for 25 min, whereas the stem pieces were initially incubated at 65°C for 5 min followed by incubation at 60°C for 25 min and the lysate was used as PCR template. Based on the type of tissue, the composition and concentration of lysis buffer systems were optimized. For leaf samples the optimized buffer system composed of 20 mmol l -1 tris (hydroxymethyl aminomethane (Tris)-Cl (pH 8.0)), 1.5 mmol l -1 ethylene diamine tetra acetate (EDTA) (pH 8.0), 1.4 mol l -1 sodium acetate and 200 μg/ml proteinase K. Further, 3% PVP (w/v) and β-mercaptoethanol (1% w/v) were added into the buffer. In case of stem samples, PVP was not applied and higher concentrations were used for other components. M. phaseolina could be detected from both leaf and stem samples generating amplicon of 350 bp. This is the first report of detecting M. phaseolina by a direct PCR method without DNA extraction.Not Availabl

Phylogeny and synonymous codon usage pattern of

Sub-Himalayan West Bengal is favorable for production of several fruits and vegetables. Papaya is one of the common plants cultivated in the area. Most of the papaya plants of the area are susceptible to PRSV. Coat protein genes of six Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) isolates of the area have been sequenced following RT-PCR. Phylogenetic study of the PRSV isolates showed about 80-90% similarity with Cuban isolates also. The codon usage pattern of our isolates has also been analyzed along with several other isolates. PRSV isolates of our study showed more preference to 8 putative optimal codons. Correspondence analysis of the genes of different isolates along the first two major axes were done, as the first two axes contributed more in shaping codon usage pattern. In the phylogenetic tree, constructed by neighbour joining method our isolates clustered together with the east Indian, north Indian and Bangladeshi isolates. The diversity and codon usage pattern of the PRSV isolates of different regions were studied, where it has been observed that the codon usage pattern of PRSV isolates is influenced probably by translational selection along with mutational bias.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Table_3_Community perception and utilization of services for the severe wasted children aged 6–59 months in the Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals and their nearest host communities in Bangladesh: a qualitative exploration.DOCX

IntroductionThere is a paucity of data on community perception and utilization of services for wasted children in Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN) and their nearest host communities.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study to explore community perceptions and understand the utilization of services for severely wasted children among the FDMN and their nearest host communities in Teknaf, Cox’s Bazar. We carried out 13 focus group discussions and 17 in-depth interviews with the caregivers of the children of 6–59 months, and 8 key informant interviews.ResultsCaregivers’ perceived causes of severe wasting of their children included caregivers’ inattention, unhygienic practices, and inappropriate feeding practices. However, the context and settings of the FDMN camps shaped perceptions of the FDMN communities. Caregivers in both the FDMN and host communities sought care from healthcare providers for their children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) when they were noticed and encouraged by their neighbors or community outreach workers, and when their SAM children suffered from diseases such as diarrhea and fever. Some caregivers perceived ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) as a food to be shared and so they fed it to their non-SAM children.DiscussionCaregivers of the children having SAM with complications, in the FDMN and host communities, were reluctant to stay in stabilization centers or complex respectively, due to their households’ chores and husbands’ unwillingness to grant them to stay. The findings of this study are expected to be used to design interventions using locally produced RUTF for the management of SAM children in the FDMN, as well as to inform the health sector working on SAM child management in the host communities.</p

Table_2_Community perception and utilization of services for the severe wasted children aged 6–59 months in the Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals and their nearest host communities in Bangladesh: a qualitative exploration.DOCX

IntroductionThere is a paucity of data on community perception and utilization of services for wasted children in Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN) and their nearest host communities.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study to explore community perceptions and understand the utilization of services for severely wasted children among the FDMN and their nearest host communities in Teknaf, Cox’s Bazar. We carried out 13 focus group discussions and 17 in-depth interviews with the caregivers of the children of 6–59 months, and 8 key informant interviews.ResultsCaregivers’ perceived causes of severe wasting of their children included caregivers’ inattention, unhygienic practices, and inappropriate feeding practices. However, the context and settings of the FDMN camps shaped perceptions of the FDMN communities. Caregivers in both the FDMN and host communities sought care from healthcare providers for their children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) when they were noticed and encouraged by their neighbors or community outreach workers, and when their SAM children suffered from diseases such as diarrhea and fever. Some caregivers perceived ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) as a food to be shared and so they fed it to their non-SAM children.DiscussionCaregivers of the children having SAM with complications, in the FDMN and host communities, were reluctant to stay in stabilization centers or complex respectively, due to their households’ chores and husbands’ unwillingness to grant them to stay. The findings of this study are expected to be used to design interventions using locally produced RUTF for the management of SAM children in the FDMN, as well as to inform the health sector working on SAM child management in the host communities.</p