New results about microtubules as quantum systems

The latest news in quantum biology is the observation by the group led by Anirban Bandy-opadhyay about detection of quantum vibration in microtubule scale - their lengths vary up to50 m. If this observation can be replicated, one can speak about breakthrough in quantumconsciousness.The ndings reported in an earlier talk of Banduopadhyay give support for the general TGDinspired view about topological quantum computation (TQC) and allow for a rather detailedmodel in the case of microtubules. The idea is that ux tubes form a 2-D coordinate grid consistingof parallel ux tubes in two dierent directions. Crossing points would be associated with tubulinsand the conformational state of tubulin could dene a bit coding whether the braid strandsdening coordinate lines are braided or not (swap or not). In this manner any bit pattern atmicrotubule denes a particular TQC program. If also conformations are quantum superposed,one would have "quantum-quantum computation". It however seems that conformation changeis irreversible chemical reaction so that this option is not feasible.The TGD inspired modication of the proposal in terms of ux tube coordinate grids makingpossible TQC architectures with tubulin dimers dening bits dening in turn TQC program looksrather natural. Coordinate grids can be xed on basis of the experimental ndings and thereare 8 of them. The interpretation is in terms of dierent resolutions. The grids for A and Btype lattices are related by 2 twist for the second end of the basic 13-unit for microtubule. Anattractive interpretation for the resonance frequencies is in terms of phase transitions between Aand B type lattices. If A type lattices can be generated only in phase transitions induced by ACstimulus at resonance frequencies, one could understand their experimental absence, which is astrong objection against Penrose-Hamero model.TGD suggests also a generalization of the very notion of TQC to 2-braid TQC with 2-D stringworld sheets becoming knotted in 4-D space-time. Now qubits (or their generalizations) couldcorrespond to states of ux tubes dening braid strands as Penrose and Hamero seem to suggestand the emergence of MTs could be seen as an evolutionary leap due to the emergence of a newabstraction level in cognitive processing

About Concrete Realization of Remote Metabolism

The idea of "remote metabolism" (or quantum credit card, as I have also called it) emerged more than a decade ago - and zero energy ontology (ZEO)provides the justication for it. The idea is that the system needing energy sends negative energy to a system able to receive the negative energy and make a transition to a lower energy state. This kind of mechanism would be ideal for biology, where rapid reactions to a changing environment are essential for survival. Originally this article was intended to summarize a more detailed model of remote metabolism, but the article expanded to a considerably more detailed view about TGD inspired biology than the earlier vision. It is shown that the basic notions of the theory of Ling about cell metabolism inspired by various anomalies have natural counterparts in TGD based model relying on the notion of magnetic body. Remote metabolism can be considered as a universal metabolic mechanism with magnetic body of ATP, or system containing it, carrying the metabolic energy required by the biological user. In particular, the role of ATP is discussed in Ling's theory and from the point of view of TGD-inspired theory of consciousness. It is easy to imagine new technologies relying on negative energy signals propagating to the geometric past and ZEO justifies these speculations. Remote metabolism could make possible a new kind of energy technology. The discoveries of Tesla made more than a century ago plus various free energy anomalies provide excellent material for developing these ideas, and one ends up with a concrete proposal for how dark photons and dark matter could be produced in capacitor-like systems analogous to cell membranes and acting as Josephson junctions andhow energy could be extracted from "large" magnetic bodies.The model identies Josephson frequency with the subharmonic of the frequency characterizing the periodicity of a periodic voltage perturbation assumed to correspond to cyclotron frequency in biological applications. Together with quantization conditions for charge and effective Planck constant it leads to precise quantitative predictions for capacitor-like systems acting as dark capacitors. Also a relationship between the magnetic field at the magnetic body of the system and the voltage of the capacitor-like Josephson junction emerges.The predictions allow new quantitative insights about biological evolution as emergence of Josephson junctions realized as capacitor-like systems both at thelevel of cell, DNA and proteins, and brain. heff can be related to Josephsonfrequency and cyclotron frequency and thus to measurable parameters. heffserves as a kind of intelligence quotient and its maximization requires the maximization of both the voltage and area of the membrane-like capacitor system involved. This is what has happened during evolution. Indeed, the internal cell membranes, cortical layers and DNA double strand in chromosomes are strongly folded, and the value of membrane electric field is roughly twice the value of the electric field for which dielectric breakdown occurs in air. Even 40 Hz thalamo-cortical resonance frequency can be understood in the framework of the model. The claimed properties of Tesla's "cold electricity" strongly suggest interpretation in terms of dark matter in TGD sense. This leads to a proposal that a transition to dark phase occurs when the value of voltage equals the rest mass of charged particle involved. This criterion generalizes to the case of cell membrane and relates the values of heff , p-adic prime p, and threshold potential for various charged particles to each other. The idea that nerve pulse corresponds to the breakdown of super-conductivity as a transition from dark to ordinary phase receives additional support. The resulting picture conforms surprisingly well with the earlier speculations involving dark matter and p-adically scaled variants of weak and color interactions in biologically relevant length scales. An extremely simple mechanism producing ATP involving only the kicking of two protonic Cooper pairs through the cell membrane by Josephson photon as a basic step isproposed. Also the proposal that neutrino Cooper pairs could be highly relevant not only for cognition and but also metabolism finds support

Comments about Integrated Information Theory of Tononi and Koch

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Quantum Mind in TGD Universe

The basic diffculties and challenges of Quantum Mind program are analyzed.The conclusion is that the recent form of quantum theory is not enough to overcome the challenges posed by the philosophical problems of quantum physics and quantum mind theories, and the puzzles of quantum biology and quantum neuroscience. Certain anomalies of recent day biology giving hints about how quantum theory should be generalized serve as an introduction to the summary of the aspects of quantum TGD especially relevant to the notion of Quantum Mind.These include the notions of many-sheeted space-time and field (magnetic) body, zero energy ontology, the identification of dark matter as a hierarchy of phases with large value of Planck constant, and p-adic physics proposed to define physical correlates for cognition and intentionality. Especially relevant is the number theoretic generalization of Shannon entropy: this entropy is well defined for rational or even algebraic entanglement probabilities and its minimum as a function of the prime defining p-adic norm appearing in the definition of the entropy is negative. Therefore the notion of negentropic entanglement makes sense in the intersection of real and p-adic worlds and is negative: this motivates the proposal that living matter resides in this intersection. TGD inspired theory of consciousness is introduced as a generalization of quantum measurement theory. The notions of quantum jump and self defining the generalization of the notion of observer are introduced and it is argued that the notion of self reduces to that for quantum jump. Negentropy Maximization Principle reproduces standard quantum measurement theory for ordinary entanglement but respects negentropic entanglement so that the outcome of state function reduction is not random for negentropic entanglement. The new view about the relationship of experienced time and geometric time combined with zero energy ontology is claimed to solve the basic philosophical diffculties ofquantum measurement theory and consciousness theory. The identication of the quantum correlates of sensory qualia and Boolean cognition, emotions, cognition and intentionality and self-referentiality of consciousness is discussed

A Retrospective Study of Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma In situ

Squamous cell carcinoma in situ is an intra-epidermal malignancy of the skin with potential to progress to invasive carcinoma. Commonly used treatments are surgical excision, cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy, laser ablation, curettage with cautery, radiotherapy, topical 5-fluorouracil, and topical imiquimod. The efficacies of these different treatment modalities are compared in this retrospective study of 239 patients with squamous cell carcinoma in situ diagnosed and treated at our hospital during a period of 1 year. A total of 263 histologically confirmed in situ lesions were followed up for approximately 8 years. The overall recurrence rate was 6.5%. Surgical excision had the lowest recurrence rate, at 0.8%. Recurrence rates with the less-invasive treatment modalities were markedly higher; cryotherapy 4.7% and photodynamic therapy 18%. Of all recurrences, 65% were carcinoma in situ and 35% squamous cell carcinomas. Twenty-three patients had actinic keratosis in the area treated, but these were not counted as recurrences. In conclusion, excisional surgery is the gold standard treatment for squamous cell carcinoma in situ, although it has limitations. Less invasive methods may sometimes be preferred.Peer reviewe

Associations between self-rated health, quality of life and symptoms of depression among Finnish inpatients with alcohol and substance use disorders

Background: Alcohol and substance use disorders (SUDs) are known to be associated with various health problems and somatic comorbidities however, not much is known on how individuals with SUDs themselves view their own health. Depression is common in SUDs and it is also associated with various health problems. The aim of this study was to assess how individuals undergoing inpatient treatment for SUDs perceived their health status and quality of life (QoL) and how having symptoms of depression affected these perceptions. Methods: Data regarding a convenience sample of eighty inpatients with a diagnosis of alcohol or substance dependence were analyzed. Data were collected through a clinical interview and validated questionnaires. Results: Individuals undergoing inpatient treatment for SUDs reported various somatic comorbidities and their self-rated health was moderate. Back pain, high blood pressure and liver disease were the most commonly reported somatic comorbidities. More severe symptoms of depression were associated with poorer self-rated health, more comorbidities and poorer QoL after adjusting for potential confounders such as age. Conclusions: Individuals with SUDs have many health-related concerns and their QoL is impaired. Symptoms of depression are associated with self-rated health and QoL in this population.Peer reviewe

A Note on Transfinite M Theory and the Fine Structure Constant

In this short note, using notions from $p$-Adic QFT and $p$-branes, we derive the transfinite M $theoretical$ corrections $(\alpha_M)^{-1} = 100 + 61 \phi$ to El Naschie's inverse fine structure constant value $(\alpha_{HS})^{-1}= 100 + 60\phi$ which was based on a transfinite Heterotic string theory ormalism . $\phi$ is the Golden Mean $0.6180339...$. Our results are consistent with recent Astrophysical observations of he Boomerang and Maxima experiments, with previous results based on the four dimensional gravitational conformal anomaly calculations and with an enhanced hierarchy of the number of lines on Del Pezzo surfaces.Comment: 11 pages,LaTe

Bigu State: Can Meditation Trigger Alternate Metabolic Pathways Through Epigenetic Changes?

Based on  preliminary reports, case studies (Roy, 2000; Yan et al., 2002b)  as well as  an in vitro experiment conducted at University of California,  San Diego (Yan et al, 2002a)   we propose several new tests designed to confirm and further investigate  the ability of human cell cultures treated with Yan Xin Qigong to survive for extended periods of time, in the absence of medium nutrients, when compared to controls. Specifically, our supplementary experimental protocol is intended to ask the following questions: 1. Are there changes in gene expression following the Yan Xin treatment when compared to controls, what physiological/metabolic  processes are  these genes associated with, and  how does the gene expression profile evolve throughout the duration of the experiment under conditions of nutrient deprivation?  2. Is ambient light necessary for the extended  survival of the treated cells?  3. Are there biophoton emission (BPE) changes noted at the test culture after the External Qi (EQ) treatment and how does that BPE profile evolve throughout the duration of the experiment, compared to controls?  4. Finally, is there any evidence of information or energy transmission between different cell cultures, that might support the hypothesis of a “remote metabolism” as described by Pitkanen (2013b)