Modelling the Project Transport Support Optimal Option

The object of research is the processes of planning transport provision of projects. The vast majority of projects involve the creation of tangible objects as a product. The implementation of such projects is associated with the use of various types of materials and equipment, which necessitates transport services for the functioning of the project logistics system. Vehicles with different characteristics can be used to solve the same transportation problems. Also, for large-scale infrastructure projects, rental of vehicles is often used for the duration of the project. This allows, on the one hand, to save on transportation costs, on the other hand, to gain complete control over the transportation processes in the project. As a research result, an optimization model has been developed for determining the option of transport support for the project. The variant of transport support of the project is understood as a set of combinations of types and types of vehicles, their characteristics and conditions of use in the project for the work of the project that provide for transport services. Acquisition, lease or transport services from the project suppliers are considered as conditions for the use of vehicles in the project. The optimization criterion is the cost of transport support, taking into account their possible increase, as well as the potential risks of losses associated with the failure to complete the work. Constraints take into account costs, time to receive a project product, and availability of transportation options. Experimental calculations, a fragment of which is presented in the research, demonstrated the efficiency of the developed model, its adequacy and reliability of the results obtained with its help. The area of practical use of the model is making decisions about transportation at the stage of project planning. The model allows for «what-if» experiments, which reflect various scenarios that are possible in the transportation of the project. And this, in turn, allows at the stage of project planning to assess the possible risks associated with transportation, and to establish their impact on the project as a whole

Security Assurance of Port Services as a Factor of Their Competitiveness

The object of research is the process of increasing the competitiveness of ports. One of the most problematic places is the endlessness of the services provided by ports, which affects the competitiveness of ports.The methods for quantitative assessment of the possibility of reliable delivery, methods for calculating the parameters of the infrastructure and superstructure of ports, solution methods using the theory of mass service are used.The analysis of research and the work of International organizations on the determination of factors by the clientele of ports are carried out, given the change of priorities in favor of the reliability of the service. Ports today are considered in this sense as nodes in logistics chains. Under the conditions by which supply chains are developed, evaluated and selected, reliability is given priority over the price and transit time.It is determined that the ability of ports to ensure the reliability of the service should be considered from the perspective of creating the appropriate capacities as part of the infrastructure and port superstructure, as well as labor resources. For each element (berths, warehouses, equipment, dockers) it is determined in the selected tested methods, due to which reliability is ensured. So, the required number of berths is determined taking into account their annual throughput, which is justified taking into account the coefficient of berth utilization in time, the use of which allows ensuring the reliability of the availability of the required number of berths.The reliability of the availability of the necessary storage capacity is determined from the conditions for ensuring uninterrupted fleet processing. The necessary composition of transshipment equipment depends on the processing conditions of the fleet. Reliability in providing labor resources can be ensured by taking into account the peculiarities of the organization of labor in ports associated with irregular demand for workers due to intermittent and unpredictable arrival of ships and cargo at the port.The definition of favorable port cargo flows, taking into account additional sales and customer loyalty, and an efficiency criterion, the task of determining the number of dockers, segmentation of ship –owners, is proposed. As a result, a scientific and methodological product is developed suitable for use as suppliers and customers of cargo delivery services

Development of the Markovian Model for the Life Cycle of a Project's Benefits

This study has improved the standard P5 (Personnel, planet, profit, process, product), which has already been widely applied globally in the practice of project management. However, the standard P5 provides a scheme of the life cycle of projects' benefits, which makes it possible to represent the lifecycle processes only at the qualitative level. In order to pass to the quantitative estimates, it has been proposed to apply the Markovian chain that maps a phenomenological representation of complex systems without considering their physical character.We have constructed a cognitive Markovian model of the life cycle of a project's benefits using the communications between the states of the project system. The cognitive structure of the life cycle is similar to a directed graph where vertices indicate the state of the system, and links are the communications between them. We have proposed an approach to determining transitional probabilities based on the evaluation of communications, taking into consideration the time costs to perform operations in the form of rules. The character of communications between states s→j in the Markovian chain defines the magnitude of transition probabilities πsj. The time costs required for each state are divided into five intervals πsj: {0} – no costs; {0.01–0.1} – insignificant time costs; {0.1–0.3} – the lowest level of time costs; {0.3–0.7} – average time costs; {0.7–1.0} – the largest time costs. The logic of choosing values for conditional transition probabilities in the Markovian chain makes it possible to determine data for the simulation of the trajectory of the life cycle of projects' benefits in the coordinates of the probabilities of states of the system and steps.It has been shown that the application of the Markovian chains is rational in order to represent the life cycle of projects' benefits. An analysis was performed to determine a certain level of technological maturity of the project environment (organization), which corresponds to the totality of values for transition probabilities. We have studied the influence of the level of technological maturity of the project environment (organization) on the projects' efficiency.Another example of the implementation of the project aimed at forming the positive image of an educational establishment by applying the frontal information communication via television, the press, by taking part in mass political activities, has also revealed positive estimation. The probability distribution at the beginning of the project (V1) and upon its completion (V2) differs significantly. The implementation of the project increased the magnitudes of probabilities of states p7 (Benefit) and p8 (Additional benefit). At the beginning of the project: р7(V1)+р8(V2)=0.14+0.05=0.19. Upon implementation of the project: р7(V1)+р8(V2)=0.22+0.08=0.30. The evaluation of this project aimed at positive image formation of an educational establishment showed that the results obtained do not contradict the hypothesis about the possibility of applying the Markovian chains to determine the characteristics of the life cycle of a project's benefit