19 research outputs found

    Épidémiologie de la dépigmentation cosmétique volontaire en Afrique sub-saharienne

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    International audienceLa dépigmentation volontaire est une pratique couramment observée chez les noirs africains depuis plus de quatre décennies. En Afrique subsaharienne, cette pratique prédomine largement chez les femmes, quel que soit leur statut socio-professionnel, avec une prévalence comprise entre 25% et 77,3% selon les différentes études. Les produits les plus utilisés lors de cette pratique sont principalement à base d’hydroquinone, de corticoïdes et de dérivés mercuriels. Les motivations sont diverses et restent dominées par la recherche de peau claire comme canon de beauté. La peau claire et les cheveux défrisés constituent le modèle de beauté de la femme occidentale à suivre résolument ; le modèle traditionnel africain n’est pas valorisé. Les utilisatrices de ces produits sont exposées aux pressions publicitaires des médias classiques (radios, télévisions, affiches publicitaires, journaux papiers) ou de proximités (entourage social, pression des pairs). Des complications cutanées surviennent chez 60% à 96% des utilisateurs de produits cosmétiques dépigmentants en Afrique subsaharienne. Ces complications cutanées sont dominées par les troubles pigmentaires et trophiques. Ces complications ne sont pas nécessairement un frein pour l’utilisation de ces produits mais peuvent constituer un levier important de sensibilisation de la population général

    Distribution of new HIV infections among key risk population groups in Togo

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    Introduction: good data on the epidemiology of modes of transmission of HIV among population at risk are important for development of prevention strategies, and resource allocation for the implementation of the interventions. We sought to estimate new HIV infections among key risk groups in Togo. Methods: we conducted a systematic review of epidemiological data on HIV and AIDS as part of the HIV control strategies in Togo from 2001 to 2012 following the PRISMA guidelines. We used the Mode of Transmission (MoT) modelling tool to estimate the incidence of new HIV infections in high risk groups. The MoT tool was developed and validated by UNAIDS and implemented by several countries using data on the HIV epidemic to estimate new HIV infections that will appear in the core groups. We used Epi-MoT tool to assess the availability and the quality of data. A score of availability of data over 50% and the quality over 1.5 were required to proceed to the MoT analysis. Uncertainty analysis to assess the reliability of the results was performed. Results: incidence of new HIV infections was estimated at 6,643 (95% CI = 5274, 9005) with an incidence rate of 203 per 1,000,000 inhabitants. The proportion of new HIV infections was 61.9% (95% CI = 46.2 to 71.7) in stable heterosexual couples compare to 14.01% (95% CI = 7.2 to 23.3) in people having casual sex. In high-risk groups new HIV infections accounted for 2.4% among sex workers (SWs) (95% CI = 1.2 - 4.1), 7.9% among clients of SWs (95% CI = 3.9-14.1) and 6.9% among men who have sex with men (MSM) (95% CI = 3.1 to 13.1). Conclusion: we describe the prediction of the HIV epidemic with a large contribution of stable heterosexual couples in the occurrence of new infections. But HIV incidence remains high in key risk populations. Innovative strategies for risk reduction should be strengthened to reduce the transmission especially in stable heterosexual couples

    Connaissances attitudes et pratiques du personnel des salons de coiffures sur l'infection à VIH à Lomé Togo

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    Introduction: le but de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©crire les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques du personnel des salons de coiffure sur l'infection Ă  VIH Ă  LomĂ©. MĂ©thodes: il s'est agi d'une Ă©tude descriptive, dont la population d'Ă©tude Ă©tait constituĂ©e par les patrons et les apprentis des salons de coiffure de la prĂ©fecture d'Agoè-nyivĂ© Ă  LomĂ© entre le 1er octobre 2016 et le 31 mars 2017. Les diffĂ©rents paramètres Ă©tudiĂ©s Ă©taient les donnĂ©es sur la connaissance gĂ©nĂ©rale du VIH, les attitudes et pratiques sur le VIH/Sida dans les salons de coiffure. RĂ©sultats: au total, 203 patrons et apprentis prĂ©sents dans les 68 salons de coiffure des prĂ©fectures d'Agoè-nyivĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© enquĂŞtĂ©s. L'infection Ă  VIH/ Sida Ă©tait connue par tous (100%) les participants et 79,3% d'entre eux la dĂ©finissaient comme Ă©tant une infection sexuellement transmissible. Le port de tablier ou de gants avant certains gestes de coiffure Ă©tait fait dans respectivement 33(51,5%) et 35(48,5%) salons de coiffures. Aussi, dans 60(88,2%) salons de coiffure, une dĂ©contamination des objets tranchants Ă©tait faite avant leur usage. Cependant, l'alcool Ă©tait le dĂ©sinfectant le plus utilisĂ© par la majoritĂ© (89,3%) du personnel des salons de coiffure. Aussi, l'Ă©bullition pendant en moyenne 7 minutes Ă©tait rĂ©alisĂ©e par 79,8% des coiffeurs. En cas d'accident d'exposition au sang, 69,6% du personnel des salons de coiffure faisaient un nettoyage du site exposĂ© avec de l'alcool. Conclusion: cette Ă©tude a montrĂ© que les coiffeurs/coiffeuses et leurs apprentis ont de bonnes connaissances sur l'infection Ă  VIH/Sida, sur ses modes de transmission et ses moyens de prĂ©vention dans les salons de coiffure. Cependant, certaines pratiques dont les mĂ©thodes de dĂ©sinfections du matĂ©riel souillĂ© et la conduite en cas d'accidents d'exposition au sang (AES) Ă©taient mauvaises

    Condom use and associated factors among men who have sex with men in Togo, West Africa

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    Introduction: in 2011, the prevalence of HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Togo was estimated at 19.6% compared to 3.4% in the general population. This study aimed to describe condom use and associated factors among MSM in Togo. Methods: in 2011, a crosssectional survey was conducted using the snowball sampling method among MSM in Togo. This study enrolled MSM aged 18 years and above who reported having sexual contact with other men within the last 30 days. A standardized survey form was used for data collection, and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: A total of 724 MSM were included in this study. The median age was 25 years [22-28], 90.3% had at least a secondary school level. The sexual practices during the last sexual encounter with another man included: insertive anal sex (62.2%), receptive anal sex (56.6%), oral sex (33.8%) and oral-anal sex (8.6%). A condom was used during the last insertive and receptive anal encounters in 78.4% and 81.2% of the time, respectively. In multivariate analysis, condom use was positively associated with previous participation in HIV/STD prevention activities (aOR=1.72; 95% CI=[1.09-2.71]), with the consideration of the last sexual partner as a casual one (aOR=1.87; 95% CI=[1.24-2.82]) and with having at least a secondary school level (aOR=2.40; 95% CI=[1.22-4.69]). Conclusion: One out of five MSM did not use a condom during the last anal encounter with another man. HIV prevention programs in Africa should develop specific interventions targeting MSM to reduce the incidence of HIV in this hidden population.Pan African Medical Journal 2016; 2

    High prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance among patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in Lomé, Togo

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>With widespread use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in Africa, one of the major potential challenges is the risk of emergence of ARV drug-resistant HIV strains. Our objective is to evaluate the virological failure and genotypic drug-resistance mutations in patients receiving first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in routine clinics that use the World Health Organization public health approach to monitor antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Togo.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Patients on HAART for one year (10-14 months) were enrolled between April and October 2008 at three sites in Lomé, the capital city of Togo. Plasma viral load was measured with the NucliSENS EasyQ HIV-1 assay (Biomérieux, Lyon, France) and/or a Generic viral load assay (Biocentric, Bandol, France). Genotypic drug-resistance testing was performed with an inhouse assay on plasma samples from patients with viral loads of more than 1000 copies/ml. CD4 cell counts and demographic data were also obtained from medical records.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 188 patients receiving first-line antiretroviral treatment were enrolled, and 58 (30.8%) of them experienced virologic failure. Drug-resistance mutations were present in 46 patients, corresponding to 24.5% of all patients enrolled in the study. All 46 patients were resistant to non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs): of these, 12 were resistant only to NNRTIs, 25 to NNRTIs and lamivudine/emtricitabine, and eight to all three drugs of their ARV regimes. Importantly, eight patients were already predicted to be resistant to etravirine, the new NNRTI, and three patients harboured the K65R mutation, inducing major resistance to tenofovir.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In Togo, efforts to provide access to ARV therapy for infected persons have increased since 2003, and scaling up of ART started in 2007. The high number of resistant strains observed in Togo shows clearly that the emergence of HIV drug resistance is of increasing concern in countries where ART is now widely used, and can compromise the long-term success of first- and second-line ART.</p

    Devenir scientifique des thèses pour le diplôme d'état de doctorat en médecine soutenues à l'université de Lomé (Togo)

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    Buts : Documenter les modes de diffusion des thèses de médecine soutenues à l'Université de Lomé et déterminer leur importance dans la production scientifique des enseignants. Méthodes : Dans le cadre d'une étude transversale qui a porté sur toutes les thèses de médecine soutenues à la faculté de médecine de l'université de Lomé au cours de la période 1993-2002, nous avons mené une enquête auprès des directeurs et codirecteurs puis consulté les bases de données Medline, CNRS/PASCAL. Résultats : Au cours de cette période d’étude 240 thèses ont été recensées. Les thèses soutenues provenaient essentiellement des départements de médecine (85 thèses), de chirurgie (57 thèses), de pédiatrie (37 thèses). Quatre-vingtdix- neuf (41 %) thèses ont été publiées dont 54 (22,5 %) dans les revues indexées et 45 (18,5 %) dans les revues non indexées ; 130 (54 %) thèses ont fait l'objet de communication. Les départements de pédiatrie (51,3 %) de médecine (21,2 %) et de chirurgie (21 %) avaient les meilleurs taux de publications. Cinquante-six thèses ont fait l'objet de protocoles pour la pratique. Au cours de la période d'étude, les enseignants de la faculté de médecine ont publié 264 articles dans les revues indexées. Les thèses ne représentaient que 20,4 % de ces publications. Conclusion : Notre étude montre que la proportion de thèses publiées dans les revues indexées reste faible. Par ailleurs, la place des thèses dans les publications des enseignants de la faculté de médecine est modeste

    Evolution of HIV prevalence and behavioral factors among MSM in Togo between 2011 and 2015

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    Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess sexual behavior and measure HIV prevalence among MSM in 2015, in Togo.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study from February to March 2015 in nine major cities of Togo. The respondent-driven sampling method was used to recruit MSM. Behavioral data were collected by interviewer-administered questionnaires. The blood tests were then carried out among MSM to assess their HIV status. Data were inputted into an Epidata database and exported to STATA® 9.0 for analysis. Qualitative variables were compared using the chi-2.Results: A total of 496 MSM were involved in this study, with 43.35% in the capital, Lome. Over the past 12 months, 88.9% of MSM had had sexual intercourse with men and 24.1% of them had had sex with women. The last sexual intercourse was with a casual partner among 52.9% of MSM. During the last 30 days preceding the survey, 68.5% of MSM had regularly used a condom during active anal intercourse and 71.9% had used it during passive anal intercourse. The national prevalence rate of HIV among MSM was 13.0%. The factors associated with HIV infection were age of MSM OR = 5.30 [1.85-15.1], HIV testing history OR = 2.63 [1.18-5.87] and the city of residence of MSM OR = 5.56 [2.90-10.64].Conclusion: This study confirms that HIV prevalence among MSM is five times higher than in the general population (13% vs 2.5%). Thus, the need to rethink HIV sensitization and prevention strategies targeting hidden and stigmatized populations such as MSM.Keywords: HIV, behavioral MSM, Tog
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