Essential oil composition of Salvia verticillata, S. verbenaca, S. glutinosa and S. candidissima growing wild in Greece

The chemical composition of the essential oils of Salvia verticillata, S. verbenaca, S. glutinosa and S. candidissima, growing wild in Greece, were analysed by GC and GC-MS. Twenty-eight components were characterized for S. verticillata, with β-pinene (30.7%), p-cymene (23.0%) and isopropyl ester of lauric acid (16.8%) as the dominating constituents; 19 components were identified for S. verbenaca, with β-phellandrene (30.3%), (E)-caryophyliene (16.1%) and methyl ester of 6-octadecenoic acid (15.0%) as the major compounds; 23 constituents were determined for S. glutinosa, with butyl butyryl lactate (26.7%) as the most abundant component; and finally 36 constituents were identified for S. candidissima, with α-pinene (11.2%) and 1,8-cineole (9.89%) as the major compounds. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Composition of the essential oil of spontaneous rosmarinus officinalis from greece and antifungal activity against phytopathogenic Fungi

The chemical composition of the essential oil of spontaneous Rosmarinus officinalis from Greece was analyzed by GC and GC/MS and tested for its antifungal activity against five phytopathogenic fungi (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Phytophthora nicotianae, Sclerotium cepivorum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi and Fusarium proliferatum). Thirty-seven components compounds representing 97.3% of the total oil were identified. The major constituents were α-pinene (24.1%), camphor (14.9%), 1,8-cineole (9.3%), camphene (8.9%), α-terpineol (8.8%) and borneol (8.0%). The most sensitive fungus was Ph. nicotianae, followed by S. sclerotiorum, S. cepivorum, F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi. © 2008, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved

Activity of the essential oil of salvia pomifera l. ssp. calyclna (sm.) hayek against soil borne pathogens

The antifungal activity of the oil of Salvia pomifera ssp. calycina and its main components (α- and β-thujone) were tested on six phytopathogenic fungal strains. The hydrocarbon and oxygenated fractions of the oil were assessed against Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the two most susceptible fungi to the oil tested. The oil exhibited fungistatic effect at the concentration of 1000 μL/L on R. solani and S. sclerotiorum, whereas its oxygenated fraction showed fungicidal activity at 2000 and 1000 μL/L, respectively. The hydrocarbon fraction had a weak effect on the test organisms. The oxygenated monoterpenes α- and β-thujone exhibited a moderate fungistatic effect to R. solani and S. sclerotiorum, while their inhibitory activity was weak to Verticillium dahliae and the Fusarium species tested. © 2002, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved

Antifungal activities of selected aromatic plants growing wild in Greece

Essential oils of Origanum onites, Satureja thymbra, Salviafruticosa (Greek sage), and Salvia pomifera subsp. calycina plants growing wild in Greece and their components carvacrol, camphor, and 1,8-cineole, were assayed for antifungal activity against 13 fungal species. Among the fungi tested were food poisoning, plant, animals and human pathogenic species. The oils presented various degrees of inhibition against all the fungi investigated. The highest and broadest activity was shown by the carvacrol content oils (O. onites and S. thymbra), while the oil of sage was the least effective. Carvacrol exhibited the highest and 1,8-cineole the lowest level of antifungal activity among the components tested

Composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of salvia pomifera subsp. Calycina growing wild in Greece

The hydrodistilled essential oil of the aerial parts of Salvia pomifera subsp. calycina was analyzed by GC/MS. Fifty compounds representing 98% of the oil were identified. The main components of the oil were α-thujone (20.3%), β-thujone (36.3%) and myrcene (5.9%). The biostatic activity of the oil was evaluated in vitro against seven fungal strains. © 1999, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved

Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Salvia ringens

The essential oils of Salvia ringens (samples A and B), were analyzed by means of GC and GC/MS. From the seventy-five identified constituents representing 99.82 and 99.86% of the oils, 1,8-cineole and α-pinene were the major components. Furthermore, sample B exhibited a very interesting antimicrobial profile after it was tested against six Gram (±) bacteria and three pathogenic fungi

Chemical composition, larvicidal evaluation, and adult repellency of endemic Greek Thymus essential oils against the mosquito vector of West Nile virus

The volatile metabolites of Greek wild growing Thymus leucospermus and Thymus teucrioides subsp. candilicus were determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The monoterpene hydrocarbon p-cymene (64.2%) dominated T. leucospermus oil, followed by γ-terpinene (7.9%), thymol (4.8%), and borneol (4.7%), whereas the most abundant constituents in T. teucrioides subsp. candilicus oil were p-cymene (25.5%), γ-terpinene (19.0%), thymol (18.8%), borneol (5.7%), and α-pinene (5.7%). The larvicidal and repellent activities of the analyzed essential oils were tested on Culex pipiens larvae and adults, respectively. Additionally, the main metabolite of the essential oils, p-cymene was tested against C. pipiens adults in order to define the affiliation between p-cymene and the repellent properties of the oil. The essential oils of T. leucospermus and T. teucrioides subsp. candilicus provided repellency 78.1% and 72.9%, respectively, statistically equal to the reference product icaridin. The compound p-cymene showed almost no repellent activity. The essential oil of T. leucospermus presented lower larvicidal activity (LC50=34.26 mgl-1) against C. pipiens third-fourth instar larvae while T. teucrioides subsp. candilicus was the most active with an estimated LC50 value of 23.17 mgl-1. © 2011 Springer-Verlag

Chemical composition and larvicidal evaluation of Mentha, Salvia, and Melissa essential oils against the West Nile virus mosquito Culex pipiens

The volatile metabolites of wild-growing Mentha spicata, M. longifolia, M. suaveolens, Melissa officinalis, Salvia fruticosa, S. pomifera subsp. calycina, and S. pomifera subsp. pomifera from Greece were determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The insecticidal properties of the analyzed essential oils were screened on Culex pipiens larvae. Additionally two of the main components of the essential oils, piperitenone oxide and 1,8-cineole were assayed against C. pipiens in order to define the affiliation between them and the larvicidal properties of the oils. The most effective oils were M. suaveolens (major constituent piperitenone oxide, 62.4%), M. spicata (piperitenone oxide, 35.7% and 1,8-cineole, 14.5%) and M. longifolia-Central Greece (piperitenone oxide, 33.4%; 1,8-cineole, 24.5% and trans-piperitone epoxide, 17.4%), which exhibited LC50 values ranging from 47.88 to 59.33 mg l-1. Medium activity revealed the oils of M. officinalis (terpin-4-ol, 15.8%; caryophyllene oxide, 13.2%; sabinene, 12.9%; β-pinene, 12.1%; and trans-caryophyllene, 10.2%), M. longifolia-Southern Greece (carvone, 54.7% and limonene 20.0%), S. pomifera subsp. pomifera (trans-caryophyllene, 22.5% and trans-thujone, 21.0%), S. pomifera subsp. calycina-West Southern Greece (trans-thujone, 56.1% and 1,8-cineole, 10.4%), and S. fruticosa-population 2 (camphor, 23.1%; α-pinene, 12.7%; and borneol, 12.6%), with LC50 values ranging from 78.28 to 91.45 mg l -1. S. pomifera subsp. calycina (Central Greece) essential oil (trans-thujone, 26.5% and cis-thujone, 12.0%) presented rather low activity (LC50 values 140.42 mg l-1), while S. fruticosa-population 1 (1,8-cineole, 31.4% and camphor, 22.6%) was the only inactive oil. Additionally, the constituent piperitenone oxide was found to be highly active (LC50 values 9.95 mg l-1), whereas 1,8-cineole revealed no toxicity. © 2010 Springer-Verlag

Greek Pinus essential oils: larvicidal activity and repellency against Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

The needle volatiles metabolites of seven Pinus spp.: Pinus nigra (3 samples), Pinus stankewiczii, Pinus brutia, Pinus halepensis, Pinus canariensis, Pinus pinaster and Pinus strobus from Greece were determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. P. nigra and P. canariensis essential oils were dominated by α-pinene (24.9–28.9 % and 15 %, respectively) and germacrene D (20.3–31.9 % and 55.8 %, respectively), whereas P. brutia and P. strobus by α-pinene (20.6 % and 31.4 %, respectively) and β-pinene (31.7 % and 33.6 %, respectively). P. halepensis and P. pinaster oils were characterized by β-caryophyllene (28.5 % and 22.5 %, respectively). Finally, β-pinene (31.4 %), germacrene D (23.3 %) and α-pinene (17.5 %) were the most abundant compounds in the needle oil of P. stankewiczii. Additionally the larvicidal and repellent properties of their essential oils were evaluated against Aedes albopictus, a mosquito of great ecological and medical importance. The results of bioassays revealed that repellent abilities of the tested essential oils were more potent than their larvicidal activities. The essential oils of P. brutia, P. halepensis and P. stankewiczii presented considerable larvicidal activity (LC50 values 67.04 mgL−1 and 70.21 mgL−1, respectively), while the others were weak to inactive against larvae. The essential oils of P. halepensis, P. brutia, and P. stankewiczii presented a high repellent activity, even at the dose of 0.2 μL cm−2, while in the dose of 0.4 μL cm−2, almost all the tested EOs displayed protection against the mosquito. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

Essential oil composition, adult repellency and larvicidal activity of eight Cupressaceae species from Greece against Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

The present study evaluated leaf essential oils from eight Cupresaceae species; Cupressus arizonica, Cupressus benthamii, Cupressus macrocarpa, Cupressus sempervirens, Cupressus torulosa, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Juniperus phoenicea, and Tetraclinis articulata for their larvicidal and repellent properties against Aedes albopictus, a mosquito of great ecological and medical importance. Based on the LC50 values, C. benthamii essential oil was the most active (LC50 = 37.5 mg/L) while the other tested Cupressaceae essential oils provided rather moderate toxicity against larvae (LC50 = 47.9 to 70.6 mg/L). Under the used laboratory conditions, three of the essential oils (C. benthamii, C. lawsoniana, and C. macrocarpa) provided sufficient protection against mosquito adults, equivalent to the standard repellent Deet in the 0.2 mg/cm2 dose, while C. macrocarpa assigned as the superior repellent oil in the 0.08 mg/cm2 dose. Chemical analysis of the essential oils using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed the presence of 125 components. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg