Sposoby radzenia sobie z bólem kręgosłupa wśród pacjentów leczonych w oddziale neurochirurgii

Introduction. Lumbar spine pain syndromes are a widespread problem that leads to lowering the quality of life and significant limitations of social, occupational and social life. Pharmacotherapy is often used as a remedy, and so is rehabilitation treatment. However, in chronic and traumatic cases, the best solution is surgery that removes the direct cause of pain.Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate methods of dealing with the disease in patients with spinal pain, to determine the factors affecting the pain of the spine, to assess the severity of the pain before and after surgery using the VAS scale.Material and Methods. The study included 100 patients hospitalised in the neurosurgery ward. The study involved 41 women and 59 men. The average age was 54 years. The survey questionnaire was used for the questionnaire survey.Results. The study covered 41% of women and 59% of men. The average age was 54 years. The average duration of pain was 9.97±5.02 years. Most often the pain was located in the lumbar spine 71% and cross-section 71%. The most common method of coping with the disease was style oriented to experience emotions and passivity (x=1.18), to search for the best solutions (x=1.04), to solve the problem (x=0.95), avoidance (x=0.82). People who prefer a problem-oriented style were characterized by a significantly higher level of well-being.Conclusions. Spinal pain is chronic. Pain is most commonly occur in lumbosacralis. Overweight and obesity are an important risk factor for spinal pain. In the study group the problem concerned 53% and 36% of cases respectively. It has not been found that the type of work significantly increases the level of ailments experienced. The respondents stated that spinal pain increased when bending (78%), 78% when lifting heavy objects, 72% when remaining in the sitting or standing position — 68%. Spinal pain limits occupational activity, performing household and family responsibilities, social life, doing sports. Spinal pain reduces one’s well-being. The surgical treatment significantly reduced the level of pain experienced. (JNNN 2018;7(1):22–32)Wstęp. Zespoły bólowe kręgosłupa lędźwiowego są powszechnym problemem, doprowadzającym do obniżenia jakości życia oraz powodującym znaczne ograniczenia w życiu społecznym, zawodowym i towarzyskim. Najczęściej jako środek zaradczy stosuje się farmakoterapia, a także zabiegi rehabilitacyjne. Jednak w przypadkach przewlekłych i pourazowych najlepszym rozwiązaniem jest zabieg operacyjny, usuwający bezpośrednią przyczyną dolegliwości bólowych.Cel. Celem pracy była ocena metod radzenia sobie z chorobą wśród pacjentów z bólami kręgosłupa, określenie czynników wpływających na występowanie dolegliwości bólowych kręgosłupa, ocena nasilenia stopnia dolegliwości bólowych przed i po zabiegu za pomocą skali VAS.Materiał i metody. Badaniem objęto 100 osób pacjentów hospitalizowanych w oddziale neurochirurgii. W badaniu udział wzięło 41 kobiet i 59 mężczyzn. Średnia wieku badanych wynosiła 54 lata. Do badań wykorzystano kwestionariusz autorskiej ankiety.Wyniki. Badaniem objęto 41% kobiet i 59% mężczyzn. Średnia wieku wynosiła 54 lata. Średnia czasu trwania dolegliwości bólowych wynosiła 9,97±5,02 lat. Najczęściej ból był umiejscowiony w odcinku lędźwiowym 71% i krzyżowym 71%. Najczęściej preferowaną metodą radzenia sobie z chorobą był styl zorientowany na przeżywanie emocji i bierność (x=1,18), na poszukiwaniu najlepszych rozwiązań (x=1,04), na rozwiązaniu problemu (x=0,95), na unikanie (x=0,82). Osoby preferujące styl zorientowany na rozwiązane problemu charakteryzowały się istotnie wyższym poziomem dobrego samopoczucia.Wnioski. Bóle kręgosłupa mają charakter przewlekły. Dolegliwości bólowe najczęściej występują w odcinku lędźwiowo-krzyżowym. Nadwaga i otyłość stanowią istotny czynnik ryzyka wstąpienia bólu kręgosłupa. W badanej grupie problem ten dotyczył odpowiednio: 53% i 36% przypadków. Nie stwierdzono, aby rodzaj pracy znacząco podnosił poziom odczuwanych dolegliwości. Ankietowani określili, że ból kręgosłupa nasila się przy schylaniu się 78%, dźwiganiu ciężkich przedmiotów 78%, długotrwałym przebywaniu w pozycji siedzącej 72% lub stojącej 68%. Dolegliwości bólowe kręgosłupa ograniczają aktywność zawodową, wykonywanie obowiązków domowych i rodzinnych, życie towarzyskie, uprawianie sportów. Bóle kręgosłupa obniżają poziom dobrego samopoczucia chorego. Zastosowane leczenie operacyjne znacząco obniżyło poziom odczuwanego bólu. (PNN 2018;7(1):22–32

Inhibition of NADPH Oxidases Activity by Diphenyleneiodonium Chloride as a Mechanism of Senescence Induction in Human Cancer Cells

NADPH oxidases (NOX) are commonly expressed ROS-producing enzymes that participate in the regulation of many signaling pathways, which influence cell metabolism, survival, and proliferation. Due to their high expression in several different types of cancer it was postulated that NOX promote tumor progression, growth, and survival. Thus, the inhibition of NOX activity was considered to have therapeutic potential. One of the possible outcomes of anticancer therapy, which has recently gained much interest, is cancer cell senescence. The induction of senescence leads to prolonged inhibition of proliferation and contributes to tumor growth restriction. The aim of our studies was to investigate the influence of low, non-toxic doses of diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), a potent inhibitor of flavoenzymes including NADPH oxidases, on p53-proficient and p53-deficient HCT116 human colon cancer cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We demonstrated that the temporal treatment of HCT116 and MCF-7 cancer cells (both p53 wild-type) with DPI caused induction of senescence, that was correlated with decreased level of ROS and upregulation of p53/p21 proteins. On the contrary, in the case of p53−/− HCT116 cells, apoptosis was shown to be the prevailing effect of DPI treatment. Thus, our studies provided a proof that inhibiting ROS production, and by this means influencing ROS sensitive pathways, remains an alternative strategy to facilitate so called therapy-induced senescence in cancers

The Emerging Role of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammatory Airway Diseases

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced and released by all cells and are present in all body fluids. They exist in a variety of sizes, however, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), the EV subset with a size range from 30 to 150 nm, are of current interest. By transporting a complex cargo that includes genetic material, proteins, lipids, and signaling molecules, sEVs can alter the state of recipient cells. The role of sEVs in mediating inflammatory processes and responses of the immune system is well-documented, and adds another layer of complexity to our understanding of frequent diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and upper airway infections. In these diseases, two aspects of sEV biology are of particular interest: (1) sEVs might be involved in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory airway diseases, and might emerge as attractive therapeutic targets, and (2) sEVs might be of diagnostic or prognostic relevance. The purpose of this review is to outline the biological functions of sEVs and their capacity to both augment and attenuate inflammation and immune response in the context of pathogen invasion, CRS, asthma, and COPD

Immunological Aspects of Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is related to persistent inflammation with a dysfunctional relationship between environmental agents and the host immune system. Disturbances in the functioning of the sinus mucosa lead to common clinical symptoms. The major processes involved in the pathogenesis of CRS include airway epithelial dysfunctions that are influenced by external and host-derived factors which activate multiple immunological mechanisms. The molecular bases for CRS remain unclear, although some factors commonly correspond to the disease: bacterial, fungal and viral infections, comorbidity diseases, genetic dysfunctions, and immunodeficiency. Additionally, air pollution leads increased severity of symptoms. CRS is a heterogeneous group of sinus diseases with different clinical courses and response to treatment. Immunological pathways vary depending on the endotype or genotype of the patient. The recent knowledge expansion into mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CRS is leading to a steadily increasing significance of precision medicine in the treatment of CRS. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the immunological aspects of CRS, which are essential for ensuring more effective treatment strategies

The Emerging Role of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammatory Airway Diseases

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced and released by all cells and are present in all body fluids. They exist in a variety of sizes, however, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), the EV subset with a size range from 30 to 150 nm, are of current interest. By transporting a complex cargo that includes genetic material, proteins, lipids, and signaling molecules, sEVs can alter the state of recipient cells. The role of sEVs in mediating inflammatory processes and responses of the immune system is well-documented, and adds another layer of complexity to our understanding of frequent diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and upper airway infections. In these diseases, two aspects of sEV biology are of particular interest: (1) sEVs might be involved in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory airway diseases, and might emerge as attractive therapeutic targets, and (2) sEVs might be of diagnostic or prognostic relevance. The purpose of this review is to outline the biological functions of sEVs and their capacity to both augment and attenuate inflammation and immune response in the context of pathogen invasion, CRS, asthma, and COPD

The role of tumor-derived exosomes in tumor angiogenesis and tumor progression

Exosomes, belonging to the group of extracellular bodies, are released by healthy as well as cancerous cells and serve as a communication pathway. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) possess the capacity to reprogram the function of normal cells owing to their genetic and molecular cargo. Such exosomes target endothelial cells (among others) in the tumor microenvironment to promote angiogenesis. Blood supply is essential in solid tumor growth and metastasis. The potential of pro-angiogenic changes is enhanced by an increased amount of circulating tumor-derived exosomes in the body fluids of cancer patients. A vascular network is important, since the proliferation, as well as the metastatic spread of cancer cells depends on an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients, and the removal of waste products. New blood vessels and lymphatic vessels are formed through processes called angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, respectively. Angiogenesis is regulated by both activator and inhibitor molecules. Thousands of patients have received anti-angiogenic therapy to date. Despite their theoretical efficacy, anti-angiogenic treatments have not proved beneficial in terms of long-term survival. Tumor-derived exosomes carrying pro-angiogenic factors might be a target for new anti-cancer therapy