15 research outputs found
Oligomeric Size of the M2 Muscarinic Receptor in Live Cells as Determined from FRET Efficiencies at the Level of Single Pixels
Density Functional Molecular Computations on Protonated Serotonin in the Gas Phase and Various Solvent Media
5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) was geometry optimized at the
B3YP/6-31G(d) level of theory to determine the energetically most
favourable conformations of the aromatic hydroxyl group and the
protonated ethylamine side chain. The hydroxyl group was found to be
most stable at anti for all conformations, and the two lowest energy
gas phase conformers found were: chi(2) = g(+), chi(3) = g(-) and
chi(2) = g(-), chi(3) = g(+). The protonated amino group was found
equally stable at g+, g- and anti. The transition structures linking
each gas phase minimum were also computed. Minima found were subjected
to solvation calculations in chloroform, DMSO, ethanol and water, which
shifted their relative stabilities. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All
rights reserved
Density Functional Molecular Study on the Full Conformational Space of the S-4-(2-Hydroxypropoxy)carbazol Fragment of Carvedilol (1-(9H鈭扖arbazol-4-yloxy)-3- [2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethylamino]-2-propanol) in Vacuum and in Different Solvent Media
Density functional theory (DFT) conformational analysis was carried out
on the potential energy hypersurface (PEHS) of the carbazole-containing
molecular fragment, S-4-(2-hydroxypropoxy)-carbazol, of the chiral
cardiovascular drug molecule carvedilol,
(1-(9H-carbazol-4-yloxy)-3-[2-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)ethylamino]-2-propanol)
. The PEHS was computed in vacuum, chloroform, ethanol, DMSO, and water
at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. The carbazole ring system was
confirmed to be planar, and the resultant PEHS in vacuum contained 19
converged minima, of which the global minima possessed a conformation
with chi(1), chi(2), and chi(3) in the anti position and chi(10) in the
g position. Conformer stability for the S-4-(2-hydroxypropoxy)carbazol
PEHS was influenced by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Tomasi PCM
reaction-field calculations revealed that the lowest SCF energies,
relative conformer energies, and solvation free energies (DeltaG
(solvation)) for the S-4-(2-hydroxypropoxy)carbazol PEHS were in protic
solvents, ethanol and water, because of the larger hydrogen bond donor
values of these solvents, which aid in stabilization of the dipole
moment created by the carbazole ring system and the oxygen and nitrogen
atoms. However, solvent effects contributed most significantly to the
stabilization of S-4-(2-hydroxypropoxy)carbazol conformers that
contained no internal hydrogen bonding, whereas solvent effects were
not as important for conformers that contained intramolecular hydrogen
bonding