Research Note: Effect of Simulated Shipping Temperatures on the Sensory Composition of South African Chenin Blanc and Sauvignon Blanc Wines

This work investigated the effect of constant and simulated shipping temperatures on the sensorycomposition of Chenin blanc and Sauvignon blanc wines. Wines exposed to elevated temperatures duringthe trial developed unwanted aromas, such as over-aged, sulphur-like and a yellow colour, while those leftat a cooler temperature retained tropical aromas. However, varying temperatures did not lead to largearoma differences in wines compared to those left at a constant lower temperature. It thus seems thataverage temperatures play a larger role in the development of unwanted over-aged aromas in certainSouth African white wines than temperature variations

Experimental demonstration of the supersonic-subsonic bifurcation in the circular jump: A hydrodynamic white hole

We provide an experimental demonstration that the circular hydraulic jump represents a hydrodynamic white hole or gravitational fountain (the time-reverse of a black hole) by measuring the angle of the Mach cone created by an object in the "supersonic" inner flow region. We emphasise the general character of this gravitational analogy by showing theoretically that the white hole horizon constitutes a stationary and spatial saddle-node bifurcation within dynamical-systems theory. We also demonstrate that the inner region has a "superluminal" dispersion relation, i.e., that the group velocity of the surface waves increases with frequency, and discuss some possible consequences with respect to the robustness of Hawking radiation. Finally, we point out that our experiment shows a concrete example of a possible "transplanckian distortion" of black/white holes.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures. New "transplanckian effect" described. Several clarifications, additional figures and references. Published versio

Almacén y centro de distribución de materiales de construcción, en Bussigny (Suiza)

Centre for storage and distribution of construction material at Bussigny, Switzerland Owing to the cost and small area of the site the building has been extended upwards. The ground floor has access ramps to the various floors, a hall, offices, retail sales department, loading wharfs, etc. The second floor is level with the railway, and on the south east there is a loading platform for heavy trucks. The third floor serves mainly as storage of stocks of light weight materials. Finally, on the top floor, in addition to a car park, there are management offices. The sober and sincerely expressive design and use of materials constitute outstanding aspects of this building.<br><br>El edificio se ha desarrollado en vertical, debido al elevado precio de los solares y al poco espacio disponible. La planta baja contiene, además de las rampas de acceso a las diferentes plantas, el hall; oficinas; sección de venta al detall; muelles de carga; etc. La primera planta, situada al nivel de la vía férrea, dispone al sudeste de un muelle de carga accesible a los vehículos pesados. La segunda planta sirve principalmente para el almacenaje y formación de los stocks de materiales ligeros. Y finalmente, la planta de cubierta, además del parking para los coches, alberga las oficinas de la administración, etc. El tratamiento sobrio del edificio y la sinceridad expresiva de los materiales son las notas destacadas de esta construcción

Almacén y centro de distribución de materiales de construcción, en Bussigny (Suiza)

Centre for storage and distribution of construction material at Bussigny, Switzerland Owing to the cost and small area of the site the building has been extended upwards. The ground floor has access ramps to the various floors, a hall, offices, retail sales department, loading wharfs, etc. The second floor is level with the railway, and on the south east there is a loading platform for heavy trucks. The third floor serves mainly as storage of stocks of light weight materials. Finally, on the top floor, in addition to a car park, there are management offices. The sober and sincerely expressive design and use of materials constitute outstanding aspects of this building.El edificio se ha desarrollado en vertical, debido al elevado precio de los solares y al poco espacio disponible. La planta baja contiene, además de las rampas de acceso a las diferentes plantas, el hall; oficinas; sección de venta al detall; muelles de carga; etc. La primera planta, situada al nivel de la vía férrea, dispone al sudeste de un muelle de carga accesible a los vehículos pesados. La segunda planta sirve principalmente para el almacenaje y formación de los stocks de materiales ligeros. Y finalmente, la planta de cubierta, además del parking para los coches, alberga las oficinas de la administración, etc. El tratamiento sobrio del edificio y la sinceridad expresiva de los materiales son las notas destacadas de esta construcción

2005 French Salmonella Network data on antimicrobial resistance in the swine channels

The Salmonella Network is gathering, on a voluntary participation scheme, from approximately 150 public and private laboratories dissemmated throughout France, Salmonella strains and/or epidemiological information. Those non-human Salmonella strains are isolated either from animal health and production or food, feed and the environment sectors. Thus, in 2005, a total of 527 isolations from the swine channels were reported. The top 5 prevalent serotypes were : Typhimurium, Derby, Manhattan, lnfantis and Kedougou. Two-hundred and ninety five strains were received at the laboratory and, after double clearance, 185 strains were tested for their antimicrobial resistance against 16 antibiotics by the disk diffusion method. Twenty-one strains were associated to the animal health and production sector and 164 to the food sector

Springtime phytoplankton dynamics in Arctic Krossfjorden and Kongsfjorden (Spitsbergen) as a function of glacier proximity

The hydrographic properties of the Kongsfjorden-Krossfjorden system (79 degrees N, Spitsbergen) are affected by Atlantic water incursions as well as glacier meltwater runoff. This results in strong physical gradients (temperature, salinity and irradiance) within the fjords. Here, we tested the hypothesis that glaciers affect phytoplankton dynamics as early as the productive spring bloom period. During two campaigns in 2007 (late spring) and 2008 (early spring) we studied hydrographic characteristics and phytoplankton variability along two transects in both fjords, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-CHEMTAX pigment fingerprinting, molecular fingerprinting (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, or DGGE) and sequencing of 18S rRNA genes. The sheltered inner fjord locations remained colder during spring as opposed to the outer locations. Vertical light attenuation coefficients increased from early spring onwards, at all locations, but in particular at the inner locations. In late spring meltwater input caused stratification of surface waters in both fjords. The inner fjord locations were characterized by overall lower phytoplankton biomass. Furthermore HPLC-CHEMTAX data revealed that diatoms and Phaeocystis sp. were replaced by small nano-and picophytoplankton during late spring, coinciding with low nutrient availability. The innermost stations showed higher relative abundances of nano-and picophytoplankton throughout, notably of cyanophytes and cryptophytes. Molecular fingerprinting revealed a high similarity between inner fjord samples from early spring and late spring samples from all locations, while outer samples from early spring clustered separately. We conclude that glacier influence, mediated by early meltwater input, modifies phytoplankton biomass and composition already during the spring bloom period, in favor of low biomass and small cell size communities. This may affect higher trophic levels especially when regional warming further increases the period and volume of meltwater

Variability of protistan and bacterial communities in two Arctic fjords (Spitsbergen)

Krossfjorden and Kongsfjorden are Arctic fjords on the western side of Spitsbergen. These fjords share a common mouth to the open sea, and both are influenced by the input of sediment-rich glacial meltwater leading to decreased surface salinity, increased turbidity and decreased light penetration during summer. Earlier classical taxonomic studies had described the pelagic protistan composition of the Kongsfjorden during summer, revealing the dominance of flagellates of often unresolved taxonomic origin. Only little information existed on microbial eukaryote composition of the Krossfjorden as well as the bacterial composition of both fjords. The aim of the present study was to analyze and compare surface summertime protistan and bacterial communities in both fjords, using molecular approaches (16S and 18S rRNA DGGE, sequencing). Samples were collected three times a week from the central Kongsfjorden over a 1-month period. Additionally, 10 marine and 2 freshwater sites were sampled within a 1-week period in both Kongsfjorden and Krossfjorden. The central Kongsfjorden revealed a relatively stable protistan community over time with dinoflagellates, chlorophytes and small heterotrophs dominating. In contrast, the bacterial community varied over time and appeared to be correlated with the inflow of glacial meltwater. The Kongsfjorden and Krossfjorden were found to harbor distinctive bacterial and eukaryotic communities. We speculate that differences in glacial meltwater composition and fjord bathymetry affect the surface water properties and therefore the observed spatial variability in the community fingerprints.</p

Horizon effects for surface waves in wave channels and circular jumps

Surface waves in classical fluids experience a rich array of black/white hole horizon effects. The dispersion relation depends on the characteristics of the fluid (in our case, water and silicon oil) as well as on the fluid depth and the wavelength regime. In some cases, it can be tuned to obtain a relativistic regime plus high-frequency dispersive effects. We discuss two types of ongoing analogue white-hole experiments: deep water waves propagating against a counter-current in a wave channel and shallow waves on a circular hydraulic jump.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figs. To appear in: Proceedings of the Spanish Relativity Meeting (ERE2010