The Impact of Competitive Sports on the Mental Health of Young People

Introduction Mental health is a crucial component of overall well-being for everyone, and it becomes particularly important in the context of young student-athletes who must simultaneously meet educational and athletic challenges. Athletes, like their peers, struggle with various mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts, eating disorders, sleep deficits, burnout, and overtraining. The additional activity of engaging in competitive sports, compared to those who do not, can exacerbate these symptoms. The aim of study Identify and analyze specific sources of stress and mental health issues among young student-athletes and young individuals. Compare different research groups. Conclusion Student-athletes face the unique challenge of balancing intense training and sports competitions with educational demands. The constant pursuit of peak performance and coping with high expectations can lead to significant psychological stress. Factors such as injuries, overtraining, social identity issues, and sleep problems further impact their mental health, often leading to the development or worsening of existing mental health issues. It is important to note that professional psychological care is essential in managing the training schedule of a young athlete. For their development to be balanced across various dimensions such as proper physical growth, well-being, and mental wellness, this support is crucial

Abdominoplasty in a patient after bariatric surgery – case study

Introduction: Up to 96% of patients after bariatric surgery struggle with excess skin, which negatively affects their daily functioning due to frequent skin infections, difficulties with sexual activity and physical exercise, as well as discomfort, especially in social situations. Abdominoplasty is a surgical procedure that allows post-bariatric patients to resolve these problems. At the same time, like any surgical intervention, the incidence of complications is relatively low. These potential complications after surgery include mainly superficial wound dehiscence or other minor complications.  Purpose of the work: This study aims to detail the stages of abdominoplasty performed on a post-bariatric surgery patient and to demonstrate the outcomes achieved.  Materials and methods: In this study, the individual case study method was used. The subject of the study was a 36-year-old woman after bariatric surgery who, having lost more than fifty kilograms and already having a normal BMI= 23.88 kg/m², applied for an abdominoplasty procedure. For practical reasons, despite indications for a circular abdominoplasty, the patient underwent a classic abdominoplasty complemented by liposuction.    Results: During the abdominoplasty procedure, liposuction of the lateral fat tissue was performed, along with the removal of a skin-fat fold weighing over 1 kilogram, reinforcement of the abdominal muscles, and repositioning of the navel.  The patient left the clinic without any drainage in place. After 8 days, the sutures placed during the operation were removed and after 4 weeks, the effects of the surgery were also verified by photo documentation. The abdominoplasty performed in the post-bariatric patient allowed for the successful removal of the excess skin after a considerable amount of weight loss. The procedure required meticulous planning and adaptation of surgical methods and techniques to the patient's living situation.  &nbsp

Pruritus. Pathomechanism, management and novel treatment

Introduction Itching is an unpleasant sensation that is commonly experienced in the general population. It accompanies many diseases. This sensory experience is burdensome and significantly reduces the quality of life. The mechanism of itching is complex. It involves receptors, the histaminergic and non-histaminergic pathways, cytokines, neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, proteases, and enzymes. External factors such as temperature or capsaicin also influence itching. Aim of the study This review presents the current state of knowledge regarding therapy in the treatment of itching. Also aims to show that it is a complicated process. Pruritus is a very bothersome sensory sensation and is a common symptom.  Material and methods This review was based on scientific books on human physiology and dermatology were used, which are listed in the bibliography and available data collected in the PubMed and Google Scholar database. Using key words:  itch, management, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, pruritus, therapeutics, treatments. Conclusion The latest research on itching has led to a better understanding of this complex mechanism. As a result, there is a possibility of discovering new, innovative treatment methods that are targeted at specific elements of this process or work systemically. Understanding the broad etiology assists in identifying the cause and in implementing an appropriate therapeutic strategy. Further research will enable improvements in treatment and enhance patient comfort

The KRASG12C inhibitors in lung cancer therapy

Introduction: Lung cancer is characterized by the highest mortality among cancers and is the second most frequently diagnosed type of cancer in the world. Targeted therapies are a promising therapeutic option for patients with this disease, however, one of the most common and most malignant mutations (KRAS) remains a challenge. Purpose: The aim of this study is to bring closer the problem of the KRAS mutation, in particular KRASG12C, and to present the most important information about the compounds created for therapies targeted at it.For a better understanding of the issue, the study contains information about the mechanisms of both mutation and drugs, as well as the most important statistical data and research results. Materials and methods: The review was based on articles available in the PubMed database. Conclusions: Two drugs targeting KRASG12C (sotorasib and adagrasib) have proven their clinical effectiveness and represent a milestone in the development of targeted therapies for lung cancer with this mutation. However, they are not without side effects, and the emerging resistance and presence of commutations that reduce drug potency continue to challenge the scientific community. Research is underway to refine therapies using existing inhibitors as well as to develop further compounds targeting KRASG12C

FDA Approves Omaveloxolone based on Successful Moxie Trial Results for Friedreich's Ataxia - Review

Introduction: In recent years, the medical community has witnessed a significant breakthrough in the treatment of Friedreich's Ataxia (FRDA), a rare and debilitating genetic disorder affecting the nervous system. This neurological condition, characterized by progressive muscle weakness, impaired coordination, and cardiomyopathy, has long posed challenges for both patients and healthcare professionals alike. However, there is newfound hope with the recent approval of Omaveloxolone by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).Aim of the study: This review article aims to present a detailed summary of the FDA's approval of Omaveloxolone as a therapeutic option for Friedreich's Ataxia (FRDA), focusing on the positive results obtained from the MOXIe trial. It covers various aspects of FRDA and explains how Omaveloxolone works as an activator of NRF2, a transcription factor that helps reduce oxidative stress. The MOXIe trial, which examined the safety and effectiveness of Omaveloxolone in FRDA patients, is discussed in detail, including its methodology, primary and secondary goals, and results. Materials and methods: This review was based on available data collected in the PubMed and Google Scholar database, using the key words: FRDA, Friedreich’s Ataxia, Omaveloxolone, RTA 408, NRF2, MOXIe trail.Conclusion: Omaveloxolone has shown significant efficacy in improving neurological function and mFARS scores compared to a placebo in the MOXIe trial. It is well-tolerated with minimal adverse events. Early intervention with Omaveloxolone offers enhanced benefits for managing Friedreich's ataxia progression

Seborrheic dermatitis - pathogenesis, epidemiology and effective treatment - literature review

Introduction: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is common inflammatory dermatology disease. It’s affect up to 3-8% of the population. SD is characterized by erythema yellowish plaques and different level of itching and scaling. The last two symptoms are important factors that affect the quality of life of patients. This condition is usually a reaction to growth of  Malassezia spp and commonly develop in regions of strong sebaceous glands such as the scalp, facial area, chest, back. Other factors include increased activity of sebaceous glands, immunosuppression, and stress. Aim of the study: A review of current stage of knowledge on the pathophysiology, epidemiology of Seborrheic Dermatitis. Recommended management with newest guidelines of this disease. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and the use of masks on the incidence of Seborrheic Dermatitis. Material and methods: This review was based on available data searched in the PubMed and Google Scholar by using key words: Seborrheic dermatitis, pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, clinical presentation, scalp, infant.  Conclusion: The Pathogenesis of Seborrheic dermatitis is not fully understood, the exact molecular process needs to be examined. SD is chronic disease with episode of remission and relapse of symptoms. Patients should be informed that ongoing maintenance treatment will be required. Treatment include topical antifungal (ketoconazole, Ciclopirox olamine, zinc pyrithione) and topical anti-inflammatory drugs like mild or mid-strength corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors (off-label use). In severe or resistance cases systematic therapy could be necessary. In this situation antifungal drugs (terbinafine, itraconazole) or low dose of isotretinoin are available options. Also new synergic treatments were introduce like cannabinoids or vitamin D which could make therapy more efficiency

The role of glymphatic system in neurological diseases - literature review

Abstract  Introduction: The glymphatic system is the equivalent of the lymphatic system in the brain. This system is responsible for the exchange of metabolism waste products between the cerebrospinal fluid and the interstitial fluid. The glymphatic system functions mainly during sleep, and this is when the removal of interstitial metabolism waste products take place. A proper diet and physical activity are also needed for the glymphatic system to work effectively. Abnormal function of the glymphatic system can contribute to the development of diseases of the central nervous system, including neurodegenerative diseases and migraine.  Aim of the study: The aim of our study is to review the latest knowledge linking the glymphatic system with the pathogenesis of selected neurological diseases and other lifestyle-related factors such as sleep, diet and physical activity. The study included Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, migraines and ischemic stroke.  Materials and methods: We have reviewed the literature available in the pubmed database using keywords: “glymphatic system”; “aquaporin-4”; “Alzheimer’s disease”; “Parkinson’s disease”; “migraines”; “sleep”  Conclusions: The studies discussed here show a clear correlation between the glymphatic system and neurological diseases. The glymphatic system may definitely be involved in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. A thorough investigation of this issue will help uncover potentially new strategies for the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases.    Key words: glymphatic system; aquaporin-4; Alzheimer’s disease; Parkinson’s disease; migraine; sleep

The Impact of Competitive Sports on the Mental Health of Young People

Introduction Mental health is a crucial component of overall well-being for everyone, and it becomes particularly important in the context of young student-athletes who must simultaneously meet educational and athletic challenges. Athletes, like their peers, struggle with various mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts, eating disorders, sleep deficits, burnout, and overtraining. The additional activity of engaging in competitive sports, compared to those who do not, can exacerbate these symptoms. The aim of study • Identify and analyze specific sources of stress and mental health issues among young student-athletes and young individuals. • Compare different research groups. Conclusion Student-athletes face the unique challenge of balancing intense training and sports competitions with educational demands. The constant pursuit of peak performance and coping with high expectations can lead to significant psychological stress. Factors such as injuries, overtraining, social identity issues, and sleep problems further impact their mental health, often leading to the development or worsening of existing mental health issues. It is important to note that professional psychological care is essential in managing the training schedule of a young athlete. For their development to be balanced across various dimensions such as proper physical growth, well-being, and mental wellness, this support is crucial

Pruritus. Pathomechanism, management and novel treatment

Introduction Itching is an unpleasant sensation that is commonly experienced in the general population. It accompanies many diseases. This sensory experience is burdensome and significantly reduces the quality of life. The mechanism of itching is complex. It involves receptors, the histaminergic and non-histaminergic pathways, cytokines, neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, proteases, and enzymes. External factors such as temperature or capsaicin also influence itching. Aim of the study This review presents the current state of knowledge regarding therapy in the treatment of itching. Also aims to show that it is a complicated process. Pruritus is a very bothersome sensory sensation and is a common symptom.  Material and methods This review was based on scientific books on human physiology and dermatology were used, which are listed in the bibliography and available data collected in the PubMed and Google Scholar database. Using key words:  itch, management, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, pruritus, therapeutics, treatments. Conclusion The latest research on itching has led to a better understanding of this complex mechanism. As a result, there is a possibility of discovering new, innovative treatment methods that are targeted at specific elements of this process or work systemically. Understanding the broad etiology assists in identifying the cause and in implementing an appropriate therapeutic strategy. Further research will enable improvements in treatment and enhance patient comfort

The role of glymphatic system in neurological diseases - literature review

Abstract  Introduction: The glymphatic system is the equivalent of the lymphatic system in the brain. This system is responsible for the exchange of metabolism waste products between the cerebrospinal fluid and the interstitial fluid. The glymphatic system functions mainly during sleep, and this is when the removal of interstitial metabolism waste products take place. A proper diet and physical activity are also needed for the glymphatic system to work effectively. Abnormal function of the glymphatic system can contribute to the development of diseases of the central nervous system, including neurodegenerative diseases and migraine.  Aim of the study: The aim of our study is to review the latest knowledge linking the glymphatic system with the pathogenesis of selected neurological diseases and other lifestyle-related factors such as sleep, diet and physical activity. The study included Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, migraines and ischemic stroke.  Materials and methods: We have reviewed the literature available in the pubmed database using keywords: “glymphatic system”; “aquaporin-4”; “Alzheimer’s disease”; “Parkinson’s disease”; “migraines”; “sleep”  Conclusions: The studies discussed here show a clear correlation between the glymphatic system and neurological diseases. The glymphatic system may definitely be involved in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. A thorough investigation of this issue will help uncover potentially new strategies for the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases.    Key words: glymphatic system; aquaporin-4; Alzheimer’s disease; Parkinson’s disease; migraine; sleep