Homegrown terrorist, networked citizen, double: Identity, belonging and citizenship in an age of limitless conflict

This dissertation traces and analyzes a phenomenon that has, in recent years, increasingly captured both the attention of security and political officials as well as the American popular imagination more generally: homegrown terrorism. Most simply defined as Americans—both residents and citizens—taking up arms against their own country, it brings into focus how the global war on terror plays out in the American homeland. It is a phenomenon in which the face of one\u27s foe is said to be not only similar to one\u27s own, but is its mirror reflection, its double. In the figure of the Double the boundary between us and Other, friend and foe is blurred. This dissertation disentanglements homegrown terrorism from debates centered on radicalization and situates it in broader political, cultural and historical contexts in order to better understand the intimate relationship between enmity, identity, citizenship and technology in the contemporary moment. This dissertation develops a theory of the Double and argues that the blurring of the boundary between us and Other, facilitated by new media, in official and mediated discourses on homegrown terrorism highlights that contemporary enmity is played out in a space in which boundaries are not clearly delineated. It is the blurring of these boundaries that facilitates new forms of surveillance, anticipatory politics and preventative policing. This dissertation examines three interconnected dimensions of homegrown terrorism: definitional (how threat is constructed and how individuals are placed within it); historical (how terrorism has, over time, come to take its current form as well as a comparative analysis of contemporary anxieties to those of the Red Scare); and spatial (the territories and spaces in which threat circulates and materializes). Across these dimensions, this dissertation analyzes eight case studies—one historical from the Red Scare and seven cases of homegrown terrorism (2005-2013)—through a wide array of contemporary, archival and historical materials such as government hearings, reports, news coverage, legislation, terrorist produced digital media, online media postings, and court transcripts. This analysis provides insight into how efforts to anticipate and prevent terror differentially shape experiences of citizenship, identity and belonging in contemporary America

Homegrown terrorist, networked citizen, double: Identity, belonging and citizenship in an age of limitless conflict

This dissertation traces and analyzes a phenomenon that has, in recent years, increasingly captured both the attention of security and political officials as well as the American popular imagination more generally: homegrown terrorism. Most simply defined as Americans—both residents and citizens—taking up arms against their own country, it brings into focus how the global war on terror plays out in the American homeland. It is a phenomenon in which the face of one\u27s foe is said to be not only similar to one\u27s own, but is its mirror reflection, its double. In the figure of the Double the boundary between us and Other, friend and foe is blurred. This dissertation disentanglements homegrown terrorism from debates centered on radicalization and situates it in broader political, cultural and historical contexts in order to better understand the intimate relationship between enmity, identity, citizenship and technology in the contemporary moment. This dissertation develops a theory of the Double and argues that the blurring of the boundary between us and Other, facilitated by new media, in official and mediated discourses on homegrown terrorism highlights that contemporary enmity is played out in a space in which boundaries are not clearly delineated. It is the blurring of these boundaries that facilitates new forms of surveillance, anticipatory politics and preventative policing. This dissertation examines three interconnected dimensions of homegrown terrorism: definitional (how threat is constructed and how individuals are placed within it); historical (how terrorism has, over time, come to take its current form as well as a comparative analysis of contemporary anxieties to those of the Red Scare); and spatial (the territories and spaces in which threat circulates and materializes). Across these dimensions, this dissertation analyzes eight case studies—one historical from the Red Scare and seven cases of homegrown terrorism (2005-2013)—through a wide array of contemporary, archival and historical materials such as government hearings, reports, news coverage, legislation, terrorist produced digital media, online media postings, and court transcripts. This analysis provides insight into how efforts to anticipate and prevent terror differentially shape experiences of citizenship, identity and belonging in contemporary America

The Impact of EU Law on a National Competition Authority's Leniency Programme the Case of Poland

This paper is devoted to the impact of EU law on national leniency programmes, especially the Polish one. It analyses the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice in Pfleiderer, Donau Chemie and Schenker and identifies three specific areas of potential EU influence on national leniency programmes. The impact of EU law on the rules of access to leniency documents is analysed in detail on the basis of both EU and Polish law and taking into account the Draft Directive on Antitrust Damages Actions. The paper covers also the extent to which the principle of effectiveness of EU law limits the procedural autonomy of Member States in regard to their leniency programmes. This analysis covers both “negative conditions”, that is, elements of national leniency programmes which are incompatible with EU law, and “positive conditions”, in order words, those elements of domestic leniency programmes which are seen as necessary for securing their effectiveness.L'article concerne l'influence du droit de l‘Union européenne sur les programmes de clémence nationaux, en particulier le programme polonais. La jurisprudence de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne est analysée, surtout les arrêts en Pfleiderer, Donau Chemie et Schenker. Les trois avenues de l'influence du droit européen sur le programme de clémence sont identifiés – les règles d'accès aux confessions des entreprises bénéficiaires de la clémence, qui sont analysées en détaille, les limitations des programmes nationaux de clémence à cause du principe d'effectivité et les obligations des autorités nationales de concurrence d’assurer l'effectivité des programmes de clémenc