As rotas para conduzir o processo de transição energética de baixo carbono no setor elétrico: uma análise comparativa da Alemanha e o Japão

O seguinte trabalho analisa as rotas de política pública para a conduzir a transição energética de baixo carbono desde uma perspectiva comparada dos casos da Alemanha e Japão. Para isso foi realizada uma pesquisa de qualitativa a partir do estudo comparativo de ambos os países com base na literatura sobre policy mix. Dessa forma, foi realizado um mapeamento dos pacotes de política pública adotados em cada país para conduzir a descarbonização da matriz elétrica permitindo identificar o tipo de instrumentos considerados, o escopo dos esforços governamentais implementados, e as opções tecnológicas contempladas para substituir as fontes fosseis. Entre os principais resultados, encontrou-se que as políticas de incentivo ao aumento da capacidade de geração de eletricidade a partir de fontes renováveis estão transitando de esquemas de precificação com impacto na tarifa dos consumidores para o estabelecimento de esquemas de precificação que respondam à sinais de mercado, em decorrência da redução dos custos de instalação e geração de eletricidade a partir das fontes renováveis variáveis. O estudo identificou diferenças nas opções tecnológicas consideradas para impulsionar a descarbonização, tendo como elemento notável, a desativação da geração a energia nuclear na Alemanha e a reativação dessa fonte no Japão.  Em ambos os casos, identificou-se as políticas públicas também caminham para a adaptação dos sistemas de elétricos à dinâmica das fontes renováveis variáveis. Finalmente, o escopo das políticas governamentais dos dois países almeja o impulso do desenvolvimento econômico através da construção de nova capacidade produtiva e tecnológica. The following paper analyzes the public policy paths to drive the low-carbon energy transition from a comparative perspective between the German and Japanese cases. For this purpose, qualitative research was carried out based on the comparative study between both countries and of literature about Policy Mix. Therefore, a mapping of the public policy packages adopted in each country to drive the decarbonization of the electric matrix was performed, allowing to identify the type of instruments considered, the scope of the governmental efforts implemented, and the technological options contemplated to replace fossil sources. Among the main results, it was found that the incentive policies to increase the capacity to generate electricity from renewable sources are moving from pricing schemes with an impact on the consumers' tariffs to the establishment of pricing schemes that respond to market signals, due to the reduction of the installation and electricity generation costs from variable renewable sources. The study identified differences in the technological options considered to drive decarbonization, such as phasing out nuclear power generation in Germany and its reactivation in Japan. In both cases, it was identified that public policies are also moving towards an adaptation of the electricity systems to the dynamics of variable renewable sources. Finally, the scope of the governmental policies in both countries aims at boosting economic development through the construction of new productive and technological capacity

Avaliando os impactos microeconômicos das fusões e aquisições nas indústrias de energia no mundo: uma análise para a década de 90

Microeconomic impacts of the mergers and acquisitions of energy industries in the World: an analysis for the 1990's. The energy industries have witnessed a significant growth of global mergers and acquisitions (M&A´s) process in the 1990´s. According to Unctad statistics, the total amount of global M&A deals (domestic and cross borders) on the electric, oil and gas sectors has recorded US$ 329 billions on the 1990-1999 period. The present paper sheds light on M&A process occurred on the energy industries during this period and, based on a sample of 248 transactions carried out by 18 big energy enterprises, develops an empirical microeconomic analysis about the impacts of these transactions over the performance of the firms involved. Overall, the results show significant improvements on the firms' performance after M&A operations, regarding the following variables: sales, net profits, assets, dividends, and, to a less extent, the ratio (net profits/sales)

The evolution and main determinants of productivity in Brazilian electricity distribution 1998-2005: An empirical analysis

This paper estimates changes in the productivity of the Brazilian electricity distribution sector using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) on a panel of 18 firms from 1998 to 2005. The study decomposes the productivity change of these distribution firms in terms of technical efficiency, scale-efficiency and technical progress. This exercise aims to help the understanding of the main determinants of the evolution of productivity, focusing its relationship with the restructuring process implemented in the 1990s. TFP index records a yearly positive growth rate of 1.3% in the whole period under analysis for all firms. Technical change was the main component behind this evolution, with an average growth of 2.1% per year, while technical efficiency presented a yearly negative performance of - 0.8%. The results prove that, in general terms, the incentives generated in the reform process do not seem to have led the firms to behave in a more efficient manner.Electricity distribution Productivity decomposition Brazil L94

The evolution and main determinants of productivity in Brazilian electricity distribution 1998-2005: an empirical analysis

This paper estimates changes in the productivity of the Brazilian electricity distribution sector using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) on a panel of 18 firms from 1998-2005. The study decomposes the productivity change of these distribution firms in terms of technical efficiency; scale-efficiency and technical progress. This exercise aims to help the understanding of the main determinants of the evolution of productivity, focusing its relationship with the restructuring process implemented in the 1990s. TFP index records a yearly positive growth rate of 1.3% in the whole period under analysis for all firms. Technical change was the main component behind this evolution, with an average growth of 2.1% per year, while technical efficiency presented a yearly negative performance of -0.8%. The results prove that, in general terms; the incentives generated in the reform process do not seem to have led the firms to behave in a more efficient manner.