The impact of the design of the facade on energy consumption in the building

It is known that nowadays more and more energy is used for maintenance of buildings but this will have to change in near future. In standby on this that all the new buildings will be someday near zeroenergy and that they will have to limit the energy consumption, today we all pay attention on different factors at the design of the building, whether it's a new construction or renovation.\ud In this Graduated thesis I have dealt with the impact of design of the facade on energy consumption and analyzed how the quantity of transparent elements and orientation influence on it. I did it throught the software Comfen. In first part of analysis I was adding windows to baseline variant with zero windows and monitoring the differences which were presented thrue the calculations. In second part I was changing the orientation to the wall which had three windows and was at first turned to the south. In addition to the consumption of energy, I also monitored the solar gains which have also big influence on design of the building. At the end I examineded all the variants and tried to find the most rational combination of both factors

Measured and calculated thermal transmittance of building envelopes of selected buildings of Ljubljana University

Na energetsko učinkovitost posamezne stavbe vpliva veliko dejavnikov. Med drugim na toplotni odziv stavbnega ovoja in porabo energije v stavbi vplivajo sestava konstrukcijskih sklopov in njihove lastnosti. Za določitev toplotne prehodnosti konstrukcijskih sklopov se skoraj vedno uporabljajo računske metode, ki do določene mere poenostavljajo realno situacijo in posledično predstavljajo »idealizirano« stanje. V želji po kar se da pravilni oceni energetskega odziva obstoječih stavb lahko toplotno prehodnost stavbnega ovoja določimo tudi z merilno napravo in pripadajočo meritvijo in-situ. V magistrskem delu sta predstavljeni obe metodi. Primerjava med toplotno prehodnostjo stavbnega ovoja, pridobljena s pomočjo in-situ meritev, in toplotno prehodnostjo, določeno s pomočjo inženirske ocene in računske metode, je bila osnova za oceno razlike toplotne prehodnosti in identifikacijo potencialnega vpliva na določitev energetske učinkovitosti obravnavanih stavb Univerze v Ljubljani. Rezultati so pokazali, da so razlike pri večini stavb prisotne. Pri zunanjih stenah se je izkazalo, da je povprečna vrednost razlike med izračunano in merjeno vrednostjo 44-odstotna, pri strehah pa kar 99-odstotna. Posledično to privede do nadaljnjih razlik pri izračunu potrebne energije (v našem primeru znaša ΔQT 15 = kWh/m2a) za delovanje stavbe, kar opozarja na dejstvo, da toplotna prehodnost v precejšnji meri vpliva tudi na energetsko učinkovitost stavbe.Many factors influence on the energy efficiency of each building. Among other things, the composition of the structural elements and their properties are the influencing factors of thermal response of the building envelope and building’s energy consumption. With calculation methods we can determine the thermal transmittance of the constructional element, although they simplify the real situation and represent »idealized« condition to some extent. With a purpose to evaluate the energy consumption of selected buildings in more realistic way, it is able to determine the thermal transmittance also with measuring device and its belonging in-situ measurement. In this thesis we represent the comparison between the thermal transmittance of building envelopes, obtained by using the in-situ measurement and by using calculation methods. The comparison between those two methods was the source for evaluation of the existing difference of thermal transmittance. Based on this, we identified the potential impact of the energy efficiency in selected buildings of Ljubljana University. We found that the average difference of external walls is 44-percentage and the difference in roof measurements is 99-percentage. Consequently, there comes to the difference in calculation of required energy for building operation (in our case amounts ΔQT 15 = kWh/m2a). This highlights the fact that the thermal transmittance in considerable extent influences on energy consumption of the building