C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1 Promotes Colitis by Modulating the Gut Microbiota

Introduction: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant that plays a pivotal role in recruiting neutrophils during inflammatory conditions. This study explored the role of CXCL1 in modulating the gut microbiota, influencing neutrophil infiltration, and contributing to the development of colitis. Methods: We employed quantitative PCR to assess CXCL1 expression in colon samples. A mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis was utilized to explore the progression of colitis in wild-type (WT) and CXCL1-deficient (CXCL1−/−) mice. Results: Colitis attenuation was evident in CXCL1−/− mice. Significant alterations were observed in the gut microbiome, as revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Furthermore, CXCL1−/− mice exhibited reduced gut permeability and diminished endotoxin levels in peripheral blood following DSS treatment compared to WT mice. In response to DSS treatment, WT mice showed a clear increase in neutrophil infiltration, while CXCL1−/− mice exhibited lower levels of infiltration. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using stools from CXCL1−/− mice alleviated DSS-induced colitis. Interestingly, FMT from patients with colitis increased CXCL1 and Ly6G expression in the colons of gut-sterilized mice. Clinical data analysis revealed elevated CXCL1 and CD15 expression in patients with colitis, with a positive correlation between the severity of colitis and the expression of CXCL1 and CD15. Conclusion: These findings shed light on the pivotal role of CXCL1 in promoting colitis by modulating the gut microbiota

Age-differentiated impact of land appropriation and resettlement on landless farmers: a case study of Xinghua village, China

Land appropriation and subsequent resettlement of rural inhabitants are central to urbanisation in China. Often, the result is the impoverishment of landless farmers, who are a principal source of social unrest in the country. In the literature, landless farmers are often wrongly assumed to be a homogeneous group. In contrast, this paper presents the age-differentiated experiences of land appropriation and resettlement among farmers. Using the case study of Xinghua village in China, and by reference to data collected via surveys and interviews, we show that even within a single community, there can be significant age-related differences in terms of compensation, livelihood changes, income, living conditions, and satisfaction. Older farmers tend to receive more compensation, and the negative impact of land appropriation is felt most acutely by middle-aged farmers. Viewed from a broader theoretical perspective, this study demonstrates the importance of understanding the impact of land appropriation and resettlement and shows how this impact is distributed unevenly across the affected communities

An Energy-Balanced Path Planning Algorithm for Multiple Ferrying UAVs Based on GA

When performing a search and rescue mission, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) should continuously search targets above the mission area. In order to transfer the search and rescue information quickly and efficiently, two types of UAVs, the ferrying UAVs and the searching UAVs, are used to complete the mission. Obviously, this application scenario requires an efficient path planning method for ferrying UAVs. The existing path planning methods for ferrying UAVs usually focus on shortening the path length and ignore the different initial energy of ferrying UAVs. However, the following problem does exist: if the ferrying UAV with less initial energy is assigned a longer path, meaning that the ferrying UAV with less initial energy will ferry messages for more searching UAVs. When the lower-initial-energy ferrying UAV is running out of energy, more searching UAVs will no longer deliver messages successfully. Therefore, the mismatch between the planned path length and the initial energy will eventually result in a lower global message delivery ratio. To solve this problem, we propose a new concept energy-factor for a ferrying UAV and use the variance of all ferrying UAVs’ energy-factor to measure the balance between the planned path length and the initial energy. Further, we model the energy-balanced path-planning problem for multiple ferrying UAVs, which actually is a multiobject optimization problem of minimizing the planned path length and minimizing the variance of all ferrying UAVs’ energy-factor. Based on the genetic algorithm, we design and implement an energy-balanced path planning algorithm (EMTSPA) for multiple ferrying UAVs to solve this multiobject optimization problem. Experimental results show that EMTSPA effectively increases the global message delivery ratio and decreases the global message delay

Increased CSF IL-17 levels in patients with neurosyphilis.

<p>(A) Detection rates of CSF IL-17(≥0.5 pg/ml) in control group (n = 29), syphilis patients without neurological disorders (including primary, secondary, latent and serofast syphilis; n = 69), or syphilis patients with neurological involvement (including asymptomatic and symptomatic neurosyphilis; n = 103). (B) Levels of CSF IL-17 proteins among the samples shown in (A). (C) Detection rates of CSF IL-17 in patients with asymptomatic (n = 40) or symptomatic (including meningovascular, paretic, tabetic and ocular; n = 63) neurosyphilis. (D) Levels of CSF IL-17 proteins among the CSF samples shown in (C). Results represent the median + individual values.</p

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the control group and the syphilis patients.

<p>Data are given as median (range), or frequencies.</p>a<p>include 13 subjects with primary syphilis, 30 subjects with secondary syphilis, 7 subjects with serofast syphilis and 19 subjects with latent syphilis.</p>b<p>“Duration of primary, secondary syphilis and symptomatic neurosyphilis” means the duration of clinical manifestations; “Duration of latent syphilis” means the period between the patient's high risk behaviors which may be infected with <i>T. pallidum</i> and the confirmed both serum TPPA/RPR positive. “Duration of asymptomatic neurosyphilis” means the period between the patient's high risk behaviors which may be infected with <i>T. pallidum</i> and the confirmed neurosyphilis. “Duration of the serofast” means the period between syphilitic patients who receiving recommended standard treatment, whose nontreponemal test titers remain positive and then was diagnosed as serofast.</p><p><b>Abbreviations:</b> RPR, rapid plasma regain; VDRL, venereal disease research laboratory; TPPA, treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay; WBC, white blood cells; ND, not done.</p><p><b>Healthy donors</b>: peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolation from healthy donors and for measurement of the baseline of the levels of IL-17⁺ cells and the frequency of Th17 cells. <b>Control:</b> patients who undergone orthopaedic or stone surgery and had not experienced syphilis, where CSF was collected prior to spinal anaesthesia. Samples from this group were used for measuring the baseline of the levels of IL-17 in CSF.</p

Comparison of clinical features between patients with CSF IL-17⁺ and IL-17⁻ neurosyphilis.

<p>Data are given as median (range), or frequencies.</p><p>*significant differences between the two groups,*p<0.01.</p><p>**significant differences between the two groups, **p<0.001.</p>a<p>“Duration of asymptomatic neurosyphilis” means the period between the patient's high risk behaviors which may be infected with <i>T. pallidum</i> and the confirmed neurosyphilis. “Duration of symptomatic neurosyphilis” means the duration of clinical manifestations.</p

Levels of IL-17 in CSF from patients with different clinical states of syphilis.

<p>Data are given as median (range), or frequencies,</p>a<p>v.s. syphilis patients without neurological involvement.</p>b<p>v.s. asymptomatic neurosyphilis patients.</p><p>IL-17 levels represent the median (range).</p

Clinical and laboratory features of the neurosyphilis patients enrolled in this study.

<p>Data are given as median (range), or frequencies.</p>a<p>“Duration of asymptomatic neurosyphilis” means the period between the patient's high risk behaviors which may be infected with <i>T. pallidum</i> and the confirmed neurosyphilis. “Duration of symptomatic neurosyphilis” means the duration of clinical manifestations;</p>b<p>includes 16 subjects with secondary syphilis, 2 subjects with early latent and 22 subjects with latent or unknown duration.</p