Bis(pyrene)-Doped Cationic Dipeptide Nanoparticles for Two-Photon-Activated Photodynamic Therapy

At present, one of main problems for photodynamic therapy (PDT) is how to improve the treatment depth. Two-photon activated (TPA) developed recently provide a possible solution for it. In this work, we report the energy-transferring assembled cationic dipeptide nanoparticles for two-photon activated photodynamic therapy (TPA-PDT). In the nanoparticles, the coencapsulated two-photon fluorescent dye bis­(pyrene) (BP) is an energy donor, and a photosensitizer rose bengal (RB) is an acceptor based on an intraparticle fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism. BP in the nanoparticles can be excited by one- or two- photon laser. And then, the energy of BP was transferred to RB, which highly enhanced the generation of singlet oxygen. The cellular experiments indicated that this nanosystem can induce the cytotoxicity under one- and two-photon irradiation, which allows further applications of FRET-based biomaterials for TPA-PDT

Enhanced CO₂ Adsorption Performance on Hierarchical Porous ZSM‑5 Zeolite

Hierarchical porous ZSM-5 (HP-ZSM-5) was constructed using organosilanes as the growth inhibitors for CO₂ capture. The properties of adsorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N₂ adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy, temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide, and ²⁷Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. It was found that HP-ZSM-5 samples synthesized by organosilanes had a significant effect on the microstructure and morphology. CO₂ adsorption capacity of HP-ZSM-5 was up to 58.26 cm³ g^–1 at 0 °C and 1 bar, significantly higher than that of the ZSM-5 sample. The effective improvement of CO₂ adsorption performance mainly originated from the micro-/mesoporous composite structure and complex surface morphology, which can provide low-resistant pathways for CO₂ through the porous network. Besides, <i>in situ</i> Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was carried out to study the adsorption process on adsorbents, and the results indicated that a faster physical adsorption process was achieved as a result of the introduction of mesopores

Relative risk and attributable risk proportion for anti-TB treatment between ATLI and non-ATLI anti-TB treatment cases.^a

a<p>Abbreviation used in table: TB, tuberculosis; ATLI, Anti-tuberculosis Drug Induced Liver Injury; RR, relative risk; AR%: attributable risk proportion.</p>b<p>Intensive treatment phase: the number of patients was 4292, because 12 patients missed data.</p>c<p>Smear result at 2 months: the number of patients was 4259, because 45 patients missed smear examination.</p>d<p>AR%: it is the percent of the incidence of an outcome in the exposed that is due to the exposure.</p>e<p>Unsuccessful outcomes: A sum of treatment failure, died, default and transfer out.</p>f<p>Successful outcomes: A sum of cure and treatment completed.</p

Elevation of ALT/AST and TBil after starting anti-TB treatment in TB patients by grade.^a

a<p>Abbreviation used in table: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; TBil, total bilirubin; ULN, upper limit of normal.</p

The pattern of 17 ATLI in-patients^a and 89 non-hospitalized ATLI patients in 106 ATLI cases.^b

a<p>17 ATLI in-patients included 2 died of ATLI.</p>b<p>Abbreviation used in table: ATLI, Anti-tuberculosis Drug Induced Liver Injury; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; TBil, total bilirubin; ULN, upper limit of normal.</p

The frequency of symptoms in 106 ATLI cases.^a

a<p>Abbreviation used in table: ATLI, Anti-tuberculosis Drug Induced Liver Injury.</p

Baseline characteristics of 4304 patients with tuberculosis smear positive.^a

a<p>Abbreviation used in table: IQR, inter quartile range.</p>b<p>Including hepatitis B/C, alcohol liver disease, hepatapostema, hepatic cyst, hepatocirrhosis and schistosomiasis.</p>c<p>Including cholecystitis and cholelithiasis.</p

Laboratory findings of 26 H5N1 cases^* on initial testing, at hospital admission, and during hospitalization, China.

*<p>Indicates denominators for testing of fewer cases than full group.</p>†<p>Abbreviations and normal range: WBC, white blood cell, 4.0–10.0×10⁹ cells per L, leukopenia (abnormal) was defined as leukocyte count less than 4×10⁹ per L; LYM, lymphocyte count, 0.8–4.0×10⁹ cells per L, lymphopenia (abnormal) was defined as lymphocyte count less than 0.8×10⁹ per L; PLT, platelet count, 100–300×10⁹ platelets per L, thrombocytopenia (abnormal) was defined as platelet count less than 100×10⁹ per L.</p>‡<p>Abbreviations and normal range: ALT, alanine aminotrasferase, 0.0–45.0 U/L; AST, aspartate aminotransferase, 0–45 U/L; Albumin, 35.0–55.0g/L; Creatinine, 36.0–144.0 µmol/L; CK, creatine kinase, 25–190 U/L, abnormal was defined as >130 IU/L for males and >110 IU/L for females; CK-MB, creatine phosphokinase isoenzymes, 0–25 U/L; LDH, Lactic dehydrogenase, 110–250 U/L; Plasma glucose concentration, 3.33–5.55 mmol/L for <15 years, 3.89–5.83 mmol/L for adults (16–59 years), 4.44–6.38 mmol/L for age >60 years, hyperglycemia (abnormal) was defined as plasma glucose concentration above the upper limit.</p>#<p>Abbreviations and normal range: PT, prothrombin time, 11–13 second, abnormal was defined as 3 seconds longer than the upper range of normal; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time, 26–36 second, abnormal was defined as 3 seconds longer than the upper range of normal; FIB, fibrinogen, 2.0–4.0 g/L, abnormal was defined as <2.0 g/L.</p>§<p>Normal ranges: total protein (below 120 mg/L); red blood cells (0 to 1 per average high powered field [HPF×400)); white blood cells (1–4 per HPF×400)</p>¶¶<p>NA demotes not applicable.</p

Comparison of demographic and clinical features of 17 fatal and 9 nonfatal H5N1 cases, China.

*<p>Medians were compared between fatal and survival cases with the Wilcoxon rank sum test. For categorical variables, percentages of cases in each category were compared with Fisher's exact test.</p>†<p>NA demotes not applicable.</p>‡<p>Two fatal H5N1 cases had underlying medical conditions, including a 24-year-old pregnant woman <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0002985#pone.0002985-Shu1" target="_blank">[28]</a> and a 16-year-old male with a 10-year history of minimal change glomerulopathy. Two surviving H5N1 cases had underlying medical conditions, including a 26-year-old pregnant woman and a 44-year-old female with a ten-year history of chronic bronchitis [unpublished data, China CDC].</p>#<p>A higher proportion of cases survived that received any antiviral treatment compared to those that did not receive antivirals (67% [8/12 patients] vs 7% [1/14 patients], p = 0.003), and with a positive linear association: the Gamma coefficient equals 0.664 (p = 0.005) which indicate a positive correlation between antiviral therapy and disease outcome.</p>$<p>High-dose corticosteroid use was defined as ≥250 mg hydrocortisone or equivalent intravenous (IV) administration daily. For children <13 years old, high-dose corticosteroid use was defined as ≥5 mg hydrocortisone or equivalent IV/kg/day.</p>¶<p>[]: Indicates denominators for testing of fewer cases than full group.</p

Initial chest radiographic findings and progression during hospitalization of 26 H5N1 cases, China.

*<p>NA demotes not applicable</p