Multiparty quantum secret splitting and quantum state sharing

A protocol for multiparty quantum secret splitting is proposed with an ordered $N$ EPR pairs and Bell state measurements. It is secure and has the high intrinsic efficiency and source capacity as almost all the instances are useful and each EPR pair carries two bits of message securely. Moreover, we modify it for multiparty quantum state sharing of an arbitrary $m$-particle entangled state based on quantum teleportation with only Bell state measurements and local unitary operations which make this protocol more convenient in a practical application than others.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure. The revision of the manuscript appeared in PLA. Some procedures for detecting cheat have been added. Then the security loophole in the original manuscript has been eliminate

Large-area resonant and non-resonant optical nanostructures

textManipulation of light via subwavelength nanostructures is currently a subject of intense research interest, and is enabling the development of nanostructured photonic crystal, metamaterials and metasurfaces that provide a variety of new optical and electromagnetic functionalities, or that enable existing functionalities to be realized in new and often extremely compact form factors. This dissertation will include wide-angle wavelength-selective metasurface, omnidirectional enhancement in photovoltaic performance via subwavelength gradient anti-reflection coating, and applications of birefringent nanocylinders for single-molecule spectroscopy. In wide-angle wavelength-selective metasurface, high and broad reflectance (~95%) with low absorption (85%) at large angle of incidences (>70°) and insensitivity to polarizations. Integration of the "moth-eye" anti-reflection coating together with nanostructured gradient A1₂O₃/TiO₂ on a GaAs solar cell shows significant improvements on external quantum efficiency (EQE) and short circuit current over all angle of incidences compared with conventional thin film anti-reflection coating. Detailed design, simulation, and fabrication of these nanostructured anti-reflection coating for reducing the discontinuity in refractive index profile will also be discussed. In application of birefringent nanocylinders for single-molecule spectroscopy, the design and fabrication method for large quantity of subwavelength birefringent nanoparticle are also discussed. These birefringent nanoparticles are shown to be stably trapped in an optical torque wrench setup, and enable observation of the dynamical response of a double-stranded DNA under torsional and extensional forces.Electrical and Computer Engineerin

DO NATURAL DISASTERS INCREASE FINANCIAL RISKS? AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

Using an unbalanced panel data consisting of deaths from natural disasters and five factors of financial risks in 136 countries, this paper analyzes the effect of natural disasters on different financial risks. The conclusions are as follows: (1) natural disasters lead to financial crisis by reducing GDP and trade and increasing domestic and foreign debt; (2) the effects of natural disasters on financial risks are dynamic and long term, with the effect weakening with time; and (3) the negative effects of natural disasters on financial risks in high-income and OECD countries are smaller than those of low-income and non-OECD countries.Using an unbalanced panel data consisting of deaths from natural disasters and five factors of financial risks in 136 countries, this paper analyzes the effect of natural disasters on different financial risks. The conclusions are as follows: (1) natural disasters lead to financial crisis by reducing GDP and trade and increasing domestic and foreign debt; (2) the effects of natural disasters on financial risks are dynamic and long term, with the effect weakening with time; and (3) the negative effects of natural disasters on financial risks in high-income and OECD countries are smaller than those of low-income and non-OECD countries