Comparison of different tracer gas dilution methods for the determination of clothing ventilation

Clothing vapour resistance (CVR) is an important parameter when evaluating the impact of the ambient workplace climate on the worker. It determines the worker’s ability to lose heat (sweat evaporation) to the environment and thereby to control his or her body temperature. This impact can be in terms of stress (heat or cold) or comfort. These evaluations are used for the classification of existing workplaces, as well as for the design of new workplaces (for example building climate control systems) and thus affect the issue of health and efficiency in the workplace. As determination of CVR is currently quite complex, very time consuming and costly, alternative methods need to be developed. Deduction of CVR from clothing microclimate ventilation measurements is such an alternative (1). Two methods for the measurement of clothing ventilation have been developed: one by Lotens and Havenith (2) in the Netherlands and one by Crockford et al (3,4), which was further developed in Loughborough for the UK Ministry of Defence by Bouskill (5). Both methods for measuring clothing ventilation are currently in use in different laboratories, however without ever being directly compared. For this paper, it was chosen to start with a practical comparison of these methods to each other and a validation of both

Comparison on end-to-end aggregation time (unit: ms; N = 1000; cluster-based network.

<p>Compu.: computation delay; Commu.: communication delay; Total: total delay).</p

CEDAR.

<p>CEDAR.</p

Cost Evaluation of CEDAR.

<p>Cost Evaluation of CEDAR.</p

Comparison on Statistics Functions and Encoding Method.

<p>Comparison on Statistics Functions and Encoding Method.</p

Triethylene Tetramine Functionalized Magnetic Graphene Oxide Chitosan Composite with Superior Capacity for the Removal of Phosphate

A novel triethylene tetramine-functionalized magnetic graphene oxide chitosan composite material (TETA-MGO/CS) with a high adsorption capacity for the phosphate was prepared by chemical coprecipitation and subsequently modified by triethylene tetramine. TETA-MGO/CS was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analyses. The adsorption experiments of phosphate on TETA-MGO/CS were compared with MGO, MGO/CS, and TETA-MGO. Effects of pH, initial concentration of phosphate, adsorption time, and adsorption temperature were studied. The results indicated that the adsorption capacity of the four adsorbents were highly pH dependent and reached optimum at pH 3.0. Adsorption processes reached the equilibrium within 50 min. The adsorption data of the four adsorbents were well-fitted with the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacities of MGO, MGO/CS, TETA-MGO, and TETA-MGO/CS at 298 K calculated from Langmuir isotherm were 300.13, 314.83, 339.65, and 353.36 mg·g^–1, respectively. This result is ascribed to an increase of amino after MGO functionalized by TETA and CS. The adsorption mechanism of phosphate on TETA-MGO/CS could be mainly related with electrostatic interaction. Moreover, phosphate ions adsorbed onto TETA-MGO/CS could be desorbed and can be reused three times. It indicated that TETA-MGO/CS can be used as a efficient and renewable adsorbent

Communication cost in different <i>R</i>_<i>d</i> setting.

<p>Communication cost in different <i>R</i>_<i>d</i> setting.</p

Accuracy Evaluation of CEDAR.

<p>Accuracy Evaluation of CEDAR.</p

<i>P</i>(<i>R</i>_<i>b</i>) in different dominant range setting.

<p><i>P</i>(<i>R</i>_<i>b</i>) in different dominant range setting.</p

REDAR.

<p>REDAR.</p