The metabolic characters of A549 and A549T cells

<p>(A) The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of paclitaxel, analyzed by CCK-8. For A549T cells, the incorporation of (B) [1-¹⁴C] oleate and (C) [6-¹⁴C] glucose into CO₂ was 20% lower than A549, and the incorporation of [1-¹⁴C] oleate into CO₂ was much lower than A549. (D) Uptake of labeled oleate (0.1µCi/mL). The distribution of labeled OA between (E) mitochondria, (F) nucleus and (G) cytoplasm. (H) ¹⁸F-FDG uptake and (I) lactate produced by A549T is lower than A549. Data are means ± SD (n = 3).</p

The effects of etomoxir on CO₂ production and paclitaxel sensitivity

<p>(A,B) A549 and A549T cells were treated with 500µM ETO for 24h. The production of CO₂ was measured as above. (C–F) A549 and A549T cells were treated with the indicated concentration of ETO, PTX, or ETO+PTX and incubated for 48h. Relative cell viability was measured and calculated as above. Treatments by ETO+PTX have similar antiproliferative effect compared to MA or PTX alone in A549 cells, but greater in A549T cells. Data are means ± SD (n = 3).</p

The effects of 2DG on CO₂ production and paclitaxel sensitivity

<p>(A,B) A549 and A549T cells were treated with 2mM 2DG for 24h. The production of CO₂ was measured as above. (C–F) A549 and A549T cells were treated with the indicated concentration of 2DG, PTX, or 2DG+PTX and incubated for 48h. Relative cell viability was measured and calculated as described in “Materials and Methods”. Treatments by 2DG+PTX have greater antiproliferative effect than each drug alone in both A549 and A549T cells. Data are means ± SD (n = 3).</p

Structural Origin of the Anisotropic and Isotropic Thermal Expansion of K₂NiF₄‑Type LaSrAlO₄ and Sr₂TiO₄

K₂NiF₄<i>-</i>type LaSrAlO₄ and Sr₂TiO₄ exhibit anisotropic and isotropic thermal expansion, respectively; however, their structural origin is unknown. To address this unresolved issue, the crystal structure and thermal expansion of LaSrAlO₄ and Sr₂TiO₄ have been investigated through high-temperature neutron and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction experiments and ab initio electronic calculations. The thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) along the <i>c</i>-axis (α_<i>c</i>) being higher than that along the <i>a</i>-axis (α_<i>a</i>) of LaSrAlO₄ [α_<i>c</i> = 1.882(4)­α_<i>a</i>] is mainly ascribed to the TEC of the interatomic distance between Al and apical oxygen O2 α­(Al–O2) being higher than that between Al and equatorial oxygen O1 α­(Al–O1) [α­(Al–O2) = 2.41(18)­α­(Al–O1)]. The higher α­(Al–O2) is attributed to the Al–O2 bond being longer and weaker than the Al–O1 bond. Thus, the minimum electron density and bond valence of the Al–O2 bond are lower than those of the Al–O1 bond. For Sr₂TiO₄, the Ti–O2 interatomic distance, <i>d</i>(Ti–O2), is equal to that of Ti–O1, <i>d</i>(Ti–O1) [<i>d</i>(Ti–O2) = 1.0194(15)<i>d</i>(Ti–O1)], relative to LaSrAlO₄ [<i>d</i>(Al–O2) = 1.0932(9)<i>d</i>(Al–O1)]. Therefore, the bond valence and minimum electron density of the Ti–O2 bond are nearly equal to those of the Ti–O1 bond, leading to isotropic thermal expansion of Sr₂TiO₄ than LaSrAlO₄. These results indicate that the anisotropic thermal expansion of K₂NiF₄-type oxides, <i>A</i>₂<i>B</i>O₄, is strongly influenced by the anisotropy of <i>B</i>–O chemical bonds. The present study suggests that due to the higher ratio of interatomic distance <i>d</i>(<i>B</i>–O2)/<i>d</i>(<i>B</i>–O1) of <i>A</i>₂^2.5+<i>B</i>³⁺O₄ compared with <i>A</i>₂²⁺<i>B</i>⁴⁺O₄, <i>A</i>₂^2.5+<i>B</i>³⁺O₄ compounds have higher α­(<i>B</i>–O2), and <i>A</i>₂²⁺<i>B</i>⁴⁺O₄ materials exhibit smaller α­(<i>B</i>–O2), leading to the anisotropic thermal expansion of <i>A</i>₂^2.5+<i>B</i>³⁺O₄ and isotropic thermal expansion of <i>A</i>₂²⁺<i>B</i>⁴⁺O₄. The “true” thermal expansion without the chemical expansion of <i>A</i>₂<i>B</i>O₄ is higher than that of <i>AB</i>O₃ with a similar composition

A‑Site and B‑Site Charge Orderings in an <i>s–d</i> Level Controlled Perovskite Oxide PbCoO₃

Perovskite PbCoO₃ synthesized at 12 GPa was found to have an unusual charge distribution of Pb²⁺Pb⁴⁺₃Co²⁺₂Co³⁺₂O₁₂ with charge orderings in both the A and B sites of perovskite ABO₃. Comprehensive studies using density functional theory (DFT) calculation, electron diffraction (ED), synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD), neutron powder diffraction (NPD), hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES), soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and measurements of specific heat as well as magnetic and electrical properties provide evidence of lead ion and cobalt ion charge ordering leading to Pb²⁺Pb⁴⁺₃Co²⁺₂Co³⁺₂O₁₂ quadruple perovskite structure. It is shown that the average valence distribution of Pb^3.5+Co^2.5+O₃ between Pb³⁺Cr³⁺O₃ and Pb⁴⁺Ni²⁺O₃ can be stabilized by tuning the energy levels of Pb 6<i>s</i> and transition metal 3<i>d</i> orbitals