10,668 research outputs found
The static potential in {\cal N}=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills at weak coupling
We compute the static potential associated to the locally 1/2 BPS Wilson loop
in =4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with
accuracy. We also resum the leading logarithms, of , and show the structure of the renormalization
group equation at next-to-leading order in the multipole expansion. In order to
obtain these results it is crucial the use of an effective theory for the
ultrasoft degrees of freedom. We develop this theory up to next-to-leading
order in the multipole expansion. Using the same formalism we also compute the
leading logarithms, of , of the static
potential associated to an ordinary Wilson loop in the same theory.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure. Two references added, misprints corrected.
Computation of the static potential associated to the ordinary static Wilson
loop incorporate
Preparing the bound instance of quantum entanglement
Among the possibly most intriguing aspects of quantum entanglement is that it
comes in "free" and "bound" instances. Bound entangled states require entangled
states in preparation but, once realized, no free entanglement and therefore no
pure maximally entangled pairs can be regained. Their existence hence certifies
an intrinsic irreversibility of entanglement in nature and suggests a
connection with thermodynamics. In this work, we present a first experimental
unconditional preparation and detection of a bound entangled state of light. We
consider continuous-variable entanglement, use convex optimization to identify
regimes rendering its bound character well certifiable, and realize an
experiment that continuously produced a distributed bound entangled state with
an extraordinary and unprecedented significance of more than ten standard
deviations away from both separability and distillability. Our results show
that the approach chosen allows for the efficient and precise preparation of
multimode entangled states of light with various applications in quantum
information, quantum state engineering and high precision metrology.Comment: The final version accounts for a recent comment in Nature Physics
[24] clarifying that a previous claim of having generated bound entanglement
[23] was not supported by the authors' data. We also extended our
introduction and discussion and also added reference
A Herschel [C II] Galactic plane survey II: CO-dark H2 in clouds
ABRIDGED: Context: HI and CO large scale surveys of the Milky Way trace the
diffuse atomic clouds and the dense shielded regions of molecular hydrogen
clouds. However, until recently, we have not had spectrally resolved C+ surveys
to characterize the photon dominated interstellar medium, including, the H2 gas
without C, the CO-dark H2, in a large sample of clouds. Aims: To use a sparse
Galactic plane survey of the 1.9 THz [C II] spectral line from the Herschel
Open Time Key Programme, Galactic Observations of Terahertz C+ (GOT C+), to
characterize the H2 gas without CO in a statistically significant sample of
clouds. Methods: We identify individual clouds in the inner Galaxy by fitting
[CII] and CO isotopologue spectra along each line of sight. We combine these
with HI spectra, along with excitation models and cloud models of C+, to
determine the column densities and fractional mass of CO-dark H2 clouds.
Results: We identify 1804 narrow velocity [CII] interstellar cloud components
in different categories. About 840 are diffuse molecular clouds with no CO, 510
are transition clouds containing [CII] and 12CO, but no 13CO, and the remainder
are dense molecular clouds containing 13CO emission. The CO-dark H2 clouds are
concentrated between Galactic radii 3.5 to 7.5 kpc and the column density of
the CO-dark H2 layer varies significantly from cloud-to-cloud with an average
9X10^(20) cm-2. These clouds contain a significant fraction of CO-dark H2 mass,
varying from ~75% for diffuse molecular clouds to ~20% for dense molecular
clouds. Conclusions: We find a significant fraction of the warm molecular ISM
gas is invisible in HI and CO, but is detected in [CII]. The fraction of
CO-dark H2 is greatest in the diffuse clouds and decreases with increasing
total column density, and is lowest in the massive clouds.Comment: 21 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in A&A (2014
The role of noise and initial conditions in the asymptotic solution of a bounded confidence, continuous-opinion model
We study a model for continuous-opinion dynamics under bounded confidence. In
particular, we analyze the importance of the initial distribution of opinions
in determining the asymptotic configuration. Thus, we sketch the structure of
attractors of the dynamical system, by means of the numerical computation of
the time evolution of the agents density. We show that, for a given bound of
confidence, a consensus can be encouraged or prevented by certain initial
conditions. Furthermore, a noisy perturbation is added to the system with the
purpose of modeling the free will of the agents. As a consequence, the
importance of the initial condition is partially replaced by that of the
statistical distribution of the noise. Nevertheless, we still find evidence of
the influence of the initial state upon the final configuration for a short
range of the bound of confidence parameter
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