Cognitive load in intralingual and interlingual respeaking-a preliminary study

In this paper we present preliminary results of the study on the cognitive load in intralingual and interlingual respeaking. We tested 57 subjects from three groups: interpreters, translators and controls while respeaking 5-minute videos in two language combinations: Polish to Polish (intralingual) and English to Polish (interlingual). Using two measures of cognitive load: self-report and EEG (Emotiv), we found that in most cases cognitive load was higher in interlingual respeaking. Self-reported mental effort that the participants had to expend to complete the respeaking tasks was lower in the group of interpreters, suggesting some parallels between interpreting and respeaking competences. EEG measures showed significant differences between respeaking tasks and experimental groups in cognitive load over time

Are interpreters better respeakers?

In this study, we examined whether interpreters and interpreting trainees are better predisposed to respeaking than people with no interpreting skills. We tested 57 participants (22 interpreters, 23 translators and 12 controls) while respeaking 5-minute videos with two parameters: speech rate (fast/slow) and number of speakers (one/many). Having measured the quality of the respeaking performance using two independent methods: the NER model and rating, we found that interpreters consistently achieved higher scores than the other two groups. The findings are discussed in the context of transfer of skills, expert performance and respeaking training

The effects of text editing and subtitle presentation rate on the comprehension and reading patterns of interlingual and intralingual subtitles among deaf, hard of hearing and hearing viewers

In this paper we examine the influence of text editing (edited vs. verbatim subtitles) and subtitle presentation rates (12 vs. 15 characters per second) on the comprehension and reading patterns of interlingual and intralingual subtitles among a group of 44 deaf, 33 hard of hearing and 60 hearing Polish adult subjects. The results of the eyetracking study show no benefit of editing down the text of subtitles, particularly in the case of intralingual subtitling and deaf viewers. Verbatim subtitles displayed with the higher presentation rate yielded slightly better comprehension results, were skipped less often, and resulted in more effective reading patterns. Deaf and hard of hearing participants had lower comprehension than hearing people; they also had a higher number of fixations per subtitle and were found to dwell on subtitles longer than the hearing

Neighborhood Complexity and Kernelization for Nowhere Dense Classes of Graphs

We prove that whenever G is a graph from a nowhere dense graph class C, and A is a subset of vertices of G, then the number of subsets of A that are realized as intersections of A with r-neighborhoods of vertices of G is at most f(r,eps)|A|^(1+eps), where r is any positive integer, eps is any positive real, and f is a function that depends only on the class C. This yields a characterization of nowhere dense classes of graphs in terms of neighborhood complexity, which answers a question posed by [Reidl et al., CoRR, 2016]. As an algorithmic application of the above result, we show that for every fixed integer r, the parameterized Distance-r Dominating Set problem admits an almost linear kernel on any nowhere dense graph class. This proves a conjecture posed by [Drange et al., STACS 2016], and shows that the limit of parameterized tractability of Distance-r Dominating Set on subgraph-closed graph classes lies exactly on the boundary between nowhere denseness and somewhere denseness

Respeaking crisis points. An exploratory study into critical moments in the respeaking process

In this paper we introduce respeaking crisis points (RCPs), understood as potentially problematic moments in the respeaking process, resulting from the difficulty of the source material and/or cognitive overload on the part of the respeakers. We present results of the respeaking study on Polish participants who respoke four videos intralingually (Polish to Polish) and one interlingually (from English to Polish). We measured the participants’ cognitive load with EEG (Emotiv) using two measures: concentration and frustration. By analysing peaks in both EEG measures, we show where respeaking crisis points occurred. Features that triggered RCPs include very slow and very fast speech rate, visual complexity of the material, overlapping speech, numbers and proper names, speaker changes, word play, syntactic complexity, and implied meaning. The results of this study are directly applicable to respeaker training and provide valuable insights into the respeaking process from the cognitive perspective

The application of cognitive computer graphics to economic data exploration

This paper describes the concept of cognitive graphics and its importance for the analysis and visualization of economic data. A brief description of cognitive graphics systems is presented. Particular attention is given to the NovoSpark Visualizer system that not only enables data exploration but also allows color transformation of numerical data. An experiment is conducted to demonstrate how the application of color spectrum results in activation of cognitive thinking, and thus allows the researcher to quickly find a solution to the problem