Effects of fire fight safety education when applied metaverse in Korea: Focusing on the construction industry

This study reviewed educational, aesthetic, entertainment and deviant experiences which are elements of the metaverse experience set them as research variables   and presented the results of the study through a survey. First, it was found that the educational experience was statistically significant for safety education satisfaction and had a positive effect. In order to provide practical education, educational experiences must feel like reality and fun content must be easily delivered. Second, it was found that deviant experiences were statistically significant for   safety education satisfaction and had a positive effect. This can be said to increase the prevention of safety accidents only when the deviant experience service feels like reality and interesting contents related to safety education are easily delivered. Third, it was found that the aesthetic experience was statistically significant for safety education satisfaction and had a positive effect. This can be said to increase the prevention of safety accidents only when aesthetic experiences and services feel like reality and interesting contents related to safety education are easily delivered. Fourth, it was found that the recreational experience was statistically significant for safety education satisfaction and had a positive effect. This can be said to increase the prevention of safety accidents only when entertainment and deviant experience services feel like reality and interesting contents related to safety education are easily delivered

Strategic Product Pre-announcements in Markets with Network Effects

It is a widely adopted practice for firms to announce new products well in advance of actual market availability. The incentives for pre-announcements are stronger in markets with network effects because they can be used to induce the delay of consumers' purchases and forestall the build-up of rival products' installed bases. However, such announcements often are not fulfilled, raising antitrust concerns. We analyze the effects of product pre-announcements in the presence of network effects when firms are allowed to strategically make false announcements. We also discuss their implications for consumer welfare and anti-trust policy

Korean stream types based on benthic macroinvertebrate communities according to stream size and altitude

Type-specific stream assessment systems based on biotic indicators are considered a main focus of future stream assessment in many European countries. However, there is a lack of information on type-specific differences of freshwater eco-regions in South Korea. We aimed to classify the stream types characterized by stream size and altitude. Analyzing the relationship between physical environmental variables and benthic macroinvertebrates collected between 2008 and 2015 at 1,020 sites (i.e. 13,366 samples) on a national scale in South Korea, we classified a total of five Korean stream types. All streams were divided into wadeable and non-wadeable streams using stream order and width. Wadeable streams were classified as mountain, highland, or lowland wadeable streams based on altitude. Non-wadeable streams were divided into lowland non-wadeable streams or rivers based on width. Mountain and highland streams significantly correlated with altitude, whereas others were distinctly related to stream order and width. We selected 25 indicator species sensitive to stream size and altitude. These assessments will provide preliminary information for development of a future biotic stream assessment system based on stream typology

Prognostic Value of SUVmax Measured by Pretreatment Fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Patients with Ewing Sarcoma

<div><p>Aim</p><p>The aim of this retrospective study was to determine whether glucose metabolism assessed by using Fluorine-18 (F-18) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) provides prognostic information independent of established prognostic factors in patients with Ewing sarcoma.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 34 patients (men, 19; women, 15; mean age, 14.5 ± 9.7 years) with pathologically proven Ewing sarcoma. They had undergone F-18 FDG PET/CT as part of a pretreatment workup between September 2006 and April 2012. In this analysis, patients were classified by age, sex, initial location, size, and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax). The relationship between FDG uptake and survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test and Cox’s proportional hazards regression model.</p><p>Results</p><p>The median survival time for all 34 subjects was 999 days and the median SUV by using PET/CT was 5.8 (range, 2–18.1). Patients with a SUVmax ≤ 5.8 survived significantly longer than those with a SUVmax > 5.8 (median survival time, 1265 vs. 656 days; p = 0.002). Survival was also found to be significantly related to age (p = 0.024), size (p = 0.03), and initial tumor location (p = 0.036). Multivariate analysis revealed that a higher SUVmax (p = 0.003; confidence interval [CI], 3.63–508.26; hazard ratio [HR], 42.98), older age (p = 0.023; CI, 1.34–54.80; HR, 8.59), and higher stage (p = 0.03; CI, 1.21–43.95; HR, 7.3) were associated with worse overall survival.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>SUVmax measured by pretreatment F-18-FDG PET/CT can predict overall survival in patients with Ewing sarcoma.</p></div

Patient’s Characteristics for Groups With SUVmax.

<p>Patient’s Characteristics for Groups With SUVmax.</p

n-ZnO:Ga/i-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction light emitting diodes fabricated on patterned Si substrates

N-ZnO:Gai-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction light-emitting diodes were fabricated on patterned Si substrates with increased interface area where hole carriers were transported to the i-ZnO layer. The patterned Si substrates were prepared by electrochemical etching, and the n-type ZnO:Ga films were deposited by high-temperature sputtering. In the patterned LED, the lower breakdown and greater leakage current under a reverse bias was attributed to the formation of a high density of grain boundaries and random tilting of the c-axis. Compared to an LED without patterning, the patterned substrates resulted in approximately 75% improvement in the output power of visible emission, which was attributed to a 1.33-fold increase in the heterojunction area and the increase in grain boundary density due to grain tilting. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009.

Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.

<p>Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.</p

Kaplan–Meier survival curves depicting overall survival.

<p>(A) SUVmax, (B) initial tumor location (b; other locations of the primary tumor were the thigh muscles, arm muscles, lungs, bowel and soft tissues in 5, 2, 2, 1, and 2 patients, respectively), (C) age, and (D) tumor size and (E) stage.</p