Relationship between stereoscopic vision, visual perception, and microstructure changes of corpus callosum and occipital white matter in the 4-year-old very low birth weight children

Aim. To assess the relationship between stereoscopic vision, visual perception, and microstructure of the corpus callosum (CC) and occipital white matter, 61 children born with a mean birth weight of 1024 g (SD 270 g) were subjected to detailed ophthalmologic evaluation, Developmental Test of Visual Perception (DTVP-3), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at the age of 4. Results. Abnormal stereoscopic vision was detected in 16 children. Children with abnormal stereoscopic vision had smaller CC (CC length: 53±6 mm versus 61±4 mm; p<0.01; estimated CC area: 314±106 mm2 versus 446±79 mm2; p<0.01) and lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values in CC (FA value of rostrum/genu: 0.7±0.09 versus 0.79±0.07; p<0.01; FA value of CC body: 0.74±0.13 versus 0.82±0.09; p=0.03). We found a significant correlation between DTVP-3 scores, CC size, and FA values in rostrum and body. This correlation was unrelated to retinopathy of prematurity. Conclusions. Visual perceptive dysfunction in ex-preterm children without major sequelae of prematurity depends on more subtle changes in the brain microstructure, including CC. Role of interhemispheric connections in visual perception might be more complex than previously anticipated

PaLI-X: On Scaling up a Multilingual Vision and Language Model

We present the training recipe and results of scaling up PaLI-X, a multilingual vision and language model, both in terms of size of the components and the breadth of its training task mixture. Our model achieves new levels of performance on a wide-range of varied and complex tasks, including multiple image-based captioning and question-answering tasks, image-based document understanding and few-shot (in-context) learning, as well as object detection, video question answering, and video captioning. PaLI-X advances the state-of-the-art on most vision-and-language benchmarks considered (25+ of them). Finally, we observe emerging capabilities, such as complex counting and multilingual object detection, tasks that are not explicitly in the training mix

The influence of active protection practices on food selectivity of weevils assemblages (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Gorce National Park.

Celem pracy było przetestowanie wpływu zabiegów ochrony czynnej, a więc koszenia i wypasu na liczebność generalistów i specjalistów pokarmowych zgrupowań ryjkowcowatych (Curculionidae) na łąkach i pastwiskach Gorczańskiego Parku Narodowego. Badaniami objęto cztery polany, na których łącznie wyznaczono 66 powierzchni badawczych. Na każdej powierzchni jako metodę badawczą zastosowano system pułapek ziemnych oraz odkurzacz entomologiczny. W wyniku badań stwierdzono, iż ani wypas ani koszenie nie mają istotnego znaczenia na wzrost liczebności generalistów na badanym obszarze, a więc nie wpływają negatywnie na ekosystem. Jednakże okazało się, że znaczącym problemem wpływającym na liczebność i różnorodność biologiczną ryjkowcowatych jest występowanie zbiorowisk późno sukcesyjnych. Aby zachować różnorodność biologiczną, nie należy więc dopuszczać do zarastania półnaturalnych ekosystemów, a skutecznymi metodami na powstrzymanie sukcesji będą zabiegi ochrony czynnej.The aim of this study was to test the effect of active protection practices ( mowing and grazing) on the number of generalists and specialists in weevils (Curculionidae) assemblages, on meadows and pastures in Gorce National Park. The study included four subalpine meadows, on which 66 research localities were established. For each locality a system of pitfall traps and entomological vacuum were chosen as a collecting methods. The results showed that neither grazing or mowing are not factors to increase the number of generalists in the study area, and therefore no negative impact on the ecosystem can be seen. However, it turned out that a major problem affecting the abundance and diversity of weevils is the presence of communities in late succession. To preserve and maintain the biodiversity in this region active protection using cultural mowing and grazing should be used

The Credibility of the Information on Celtic Religion in "De Bello Gallico" in the Light of the Propagandistic Nature of the Text.

Praca omawia wiarygodność przekazu Cezara na temat religii Celtów w kontekście propagandowego charakteru "De Bello Gallico". Rozdział pierwszy przedstawia zjawisko propagandy i jej techniki jak również ich przykłady w tekście "De Bello Gallico". Rozdział drugi prezentuje informacje o religii Celtów zawarte w "DBG" i konfrontuje je z innymi tekstami antycznymi, wczesnośredniowiecznymi przekazami z Wysp Brytyjskich oraz świadectwami archeologicznymi.The paper discusses the credibility of the information on Celtic religion in "De Bello Gallico" in the light of its propagandistic nature. Chapter one discusses propaganda and its techniques as well as their examples in Caesar's text. Chapter two confronts the data on Celtic religion included in "De Bello Gallico" with other ancient sources, early medieval texts from the British Isles and archaeological evidence

English-Polish Glossary of Endodontic Terms

Paca przedstawia angielsko-polski glosariusz terminów endodontycznych. W pierwszym rozdziale omówione są zagadnienia języka specjalistycznego, terminu, terminologii i terminografii oraz niektóre zagadnienia i problemy przekładu terminologii dziedziny określonej tematem pracy z wykorzystaniem przykładów zaczerpniętych z tekstów poświęconych endodoncji. W drugim rozdziale krótko zaprezentowany jest zakres działania endodoncji i bieżące możliwości technologiczne oraz koncepcje terapeutyczne. Rozdział trzeci po omówieniu metod kompilacji zasobu, źródeł oraz sposobu jego prezentacji przedstawia dwujęzyczny glosariusz terminów endodontycznych.The thesis presents an English-Polish glossary of endodontic terms. Chapter one discusses LSP, terms, terminology and terminography as well as some problems related to translation of specialised texts and some particular translational dilemmas, illustrated with examples from the field of endodontics. Chapter two, briefly, gives an overview of the scope of endodontics and discusses some technological advances and concepts used in endodontic treatment of today. Chapter three, after presenting the methodology and sources used in composing the vocabulary resource, presents the glossary of endodontic terms

Responses of Polish NGOs engaged in democracy promotion to shrinking civic space

This article examines a new phase in democracy promotion in Central and Eastern European countries that recently have faced the process of shrinking civic space and democratic backsliding. In our case study, we analyse systematically the voices and strategies of Polish NGOs involved in democracy promotion at home and abroad as a response to these new challenges. Our empirical findings suggest that advocacy NGOs devoted to democratic quality and sustainability can continue their mission and promote or defend democracy, albeit with new incentives, strategies and goals that also depend on the existing political opportunity structures. The threat of shrinking civic space, paradoxically, has mobilized NGOs in Poland to strengthen their mission and resources, and seek wider support in society. This was possible due to new response strategies in three major areas of their operation: access, funding and networking. Understanding these actions has immediate policy implications, as it can help actors who are seeking to support democracy figure out how to play a more supportive role