Data_Sheet_1_Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene for the characterization of the bacterial community of the Lambro river (Italy).PDF

Characterization of the microbial community of a river can provide various indications, such as its general state of health or the presence of contamination. Furthermore, the study of Bacteroidetes, which have a high degree of host specificity, can provide information on the species involved in any fecal contamination. The analysis of the 16S rRNA was used to characterize the bacterial community of the Lambro river (Italy) through. The results, which were obtained by analyzing water from 15 sampling points, show a reduction in the complexity of the bacterial community as the river enters a densely populated region. The cause could be a source of chemical or physical contamination that carries out a positive selection toward some bacterial species and negative toward others. In addition, a notable increase in the percentage of Bacteroidetes was reported, especially when the river enters regions characterized by high agricultural and livestock activity, such as cattle and pig farming. However, in the samples taken from this area, no Bacteroidetes ascribable to these two species or to the other species considered (i.e., human, dog, and cat) were found. Surprisingly, suspected bacterial contamination of swine origin was identified in a sparsely populated region characterized by small family farms. Finally, the efficient treatment of urban wastewater was confirmed as no markers of fecal pollution of human origin were identified.</p

And act into two distinct cellular types during goat ovarian differentiation-4

is presented alone (left column) or with a DAPI blue nuclear-specific counterstaining (medium and right columns). The right column corresponds to a 5.0 enlargement of the red rectangle depicted on the medium column. At 40 d, RSPO1 is detected in the cortical area (co) of the ovaries where most of c-Kit positive germ cells lies. At this stage both somatic and germ cells are stained (arrows show 2 germinal cells). By contrast, FOXL2 positive cells are in the sub-cortical area (sc) of these early developing ovaries. At 50 d, RSPO1 is detected mainly around the c-Kit positive germ cells easily recognizable by their large and round nuclei (arrows). At this stage, FOXL2 positive somatic cells are located in the two ovarian compartments, cortex and medulla. m = mesonephros; the dotted line delimits both areas (co and sc).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "and act into two distinct cellular types during goat ovarian differentiation"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/8/36</p><p>BMC Developmental Biology 2008;8():36-36.</p><p>Published online 2 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2329615.</p><p></p

And act into two distinct cellular types during goat ovarian differentiation-2

Stages (36, 40 and 50 d) in XX sex-reversed gonads (XX Males) in comparison with normal males and females ones. GAPDH was used as control. The name of the amplified gene and the number of PCR cycles done is given on the left margin. Samples are from individual fetuses (identified by their number) or from a pool of 3 gonads (N = 3). L: 100 bp DNA ladder molecular weight marker (Bioline).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "and act into two distinct cellular types during goat ovarian differentiation"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/8/36</p><p>BMC Developmental Biology 2008;8():36-36.</p><p>Published online 2 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2329615.</p><p></p

And act into two distinct cellular types during goat ovarian differentiation-0

EST), two human transcripts and the human gene. Genbank accession numbers of the different sequences are given on the left. A bovine-specific 5' non-coding exon 1 is depicted in red. The goat-specific part of exon 1 is depicted in pink. In goat, the second ATG (ATG) is not conserved in human (ACG). Sp = Signal peptide; Fu = Furin domain; Tsp = Thrombospondin domain; Nls = Nuclear localization signal; AG = conserved acceptor spicing site. b) A Neighbor-Joining tree was constructed with 28 DNA sequences from the four genes belonging to seven mammalian species, plus the putative goat ORF (the corresponding goat sequence is depicted in bold). Confidence values (higher than 50%) after bootstrap test are shown at each node. Genbank accession numbers are given in the methods section.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "and act into two distinct cellular types during goat ovarian differentiation"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/8/36</p><p>BMC Developmental Biology 2008;8():36-36.</p><p>Published online 2 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2329615.</p><p></p

Q-RT PCR results.

<p>Histograms represent the copy numbers ratio of a non-polymorphic probe within Sox9 gene in the two duplicated dogs (dog10 and dog44, red bars) relative to five normal control dogs (blue bars). The data have been normalized against two different reference sequences (Abs17, Bglr2).</p

Histological examination of the new cases reported.

<p>Case C61: Histologic section of the right (A) and left (B) gonad showing seminiferous tubules with diffuse atrophy of the seminal line. Case C64: Right Ovotestis (C): The gonads were surrounded by ovarian bursa and shown some follicular structures and corpora lutea (white arrow). In the medulla hypoplastic seminiferous tubules were present (black arrow). Case C65 (D): Dog ovotestis. In the gonad, follicular structures including oocytes (arrow) coexist with testicular tubuli lined by Setoli cells (asterisc) (Courtesy of Valeria Grieco, University of Milan).</p

List of CNVs identified with array-CGH in the seven cases with the indication of their code, type, location and size (CanFam2 assembly).

<p>CNVs were checked for occurrence in the Database of Genomic Copy Number Variants in the dog genome (<a href="http://dogs.genouest.org/LUPA.dir/CNV.html" target="_blank">http://dogs.genouest.org/LUPA.dir/CNV.html</a>) and in several papers <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0101244#pone.0101244-Chen1" target="_blank">[29]</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0101244#pone.0101244-Berglund1" target="_blank">[33]</a>.</p

Graphical representation of the SOX9 locus duplications discovered.

<p>The figure shows a 1,6(canFam2 assembly) and magnified views of the two SOX9 duplications detected, by array-CGH, in cases C10 (left) and C44 (right), respectively. The shaded areas indicate a gain in DNA copy number (duplication, average log2 ratios: +0, 5) detected by red dots. Asterisks indicate the 168 bp repeats.</p