48 research outputs found

    ProgrĂšs vers la synthĂšse totale d'allocolchicinoĂŻdes

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    Les allocolchicinoĂŻdes constituent une famille de composĂ©s prĂ©sentant un systĂšme tricyclique de 6, 7 et 6 carbones respectivement, dont le premier cycle est hautement oxygĂ©nĂ©. Plusieurs membres de cette famille possĂšdent des propriĂ©tĂ©s biologiques intĂ©ressantes. Leurs propriĂ©tĂ©s anticancĂ©reuses envers une variĂ©tĂ© de lignĂ©es cancĂ©reuses rĂ©sistantes ont augmentĂ© l'intĂ©rĂȘt pour ce type de composĂ© depuis quelques annĂ©es. Afin d'exploiter des rĂ©sultats novateurs obtenus rĂ©cemment dans notre laboratoire, notre groupe de recherche s'est attaquĂ© Ă  la synthĂšse d'analogues d'allocolchicinoĂŻdes. Celle-ci fait intervenir, comme Ă©tapes clĂ©s, un couplage de Suzuki menant Ă  des o-aminomĂ©thylbiphĂ©nyles ainsi qu'une cyclisation Ă©nantiosĂ©lective 7-exo-tet provenant d'une rĂ©action de lithiation-substitution utilisant un complexe chiral BuLi?ligand. Dans ce contexte, une librairie de ligands chiraux a Ă©tĂ© synthĂ©tisĂ©e. Les rĂ©sultats pour l'affinitĂ© de ces ligands envers diffĂ©rents mĂ©taux ainsi que les rĂ©sultats prĂ©liminaires en synthĂšse Ă©nantiosĂ©lective seront prĂ©sentĂ©s dans cette thĂšse

    Aristotle\u27s Account of Time: A Moderate Realism

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    This dissertation proposes an interpretation of Aristotle’s theory of time as a whole from a study of Physics IV. 10-14. It addresses interpretive issues and objections pertaining to Aristotle’s view about the nature of time, its existence, as well as its unity and universality. In response to these problems, the interpretation of some ancient and medieval commentators – Themistius, Simplicius, Philoponus, Albert the Great and in particular, Thomas Aquinas – is by and large defended against recent interpretations. It is argued that by defining time as “the number of movement with respect to the “before” and “after” (Phys. IV. 11, 219b1-2), Aristotle means that time is the number of quantitative parts of motion counted by successive instants, and that he defines time in this way because it is perceived by numbering motion which respect to succession. It is also argued that on Aristotle’s account, there is one time because it is the quantity of a first motion in nature, and that time is universal because by this motion, it measures the existence of mobile beings located anywhere. Furthermore, it is argued that according to Aristotle, time exists objectively as it depends upon motion for its existence, although it depends upon the mind to exist perfectly, as an actualized quantity. On the whole, this thesis shows forth that the main interest and significance of Aristotle’s conception of time is to exhibit the relation of time with, on the one hand, natural beings, motion, nature and matter, and, on the other hand, its relation with the mind

    Le hasard et la finalité dans la nature

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    Tableau d’honneur de la FacultĂ© des Ă©tudes supĂ©rieures et postdoctorales, 2012-2013.La science moderne et les scientifiques qui la pratiquent tendent Ă  promouvoir une vision dĂ©terministe de la nature dans laquelle le hasard et la finalitĂ© sont tous deux absents. Dans ce mĂ©moire, nous examinons si cette vision est conforme Ă  la rĂ©alitĂ© en traitant les questions philosophiques qu'elle soulĂšve, soit celle de l'existence du hasard dans la nature et celle de l'existence de la finalitĂ© Ă  la lumiĂšre de la philosophie de la nature d'Aristote, de Thomas d'Aquin et de Charles De Koninck. Nous parvenons Ă  l'aide de ces auteurs Ă  la conclusion que le hasard existe dans la nature en raison de l'indĂ©termination de la matiĂšre, mais que la finalitĂ© y est aussi prĂ©sente et que c'est mĂȘme elle qui est la principale cause de ce qui existe et arrive puisque la nature agit essentiellement en vue d'une fin

    Guide pédagogique du Portfolio D.E.S.S. en administration de l'éducation

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    Dans le contexte du DESS en administration de l’éducation, le portfolio est un outil d’apprentissage qui amĂšne l’étudiant Ă  vivre un processus rĂ©flexif supervisĂ© et Ă  organiser une collection de productions significatives s’accumulant progressivement Ă  l’intĂ©rieur du dĂ©roulement des cours. Le guide pĂ©dagogique explique les choix qui ont donnĂ© lieu au Portfolio pour les Ă©tudiants. Le portfolio suppose une rĂ©flexion en deux temps, le premier en a priori et portant sur le profil de sortie, le glossaire, le guide de choix de cours et le choix des compĂ©tences Ă  dĂ©velopper par l’étudiant selon les cours et le second, a posteriori, et portant essentiellement sur l’écart existant entre les intentions d’apprentissage exprimĂ©es au dĂ©part et le niveau atteint Ă  la fin du programme.Document produit dans le cadre d'un projet CLI

    Experimental and theoretical assessment of water sorbent kinetics

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    ABSTRACT: The kinetics of water adsorption in powder sorbent layers are important to design a scaled-up atmospheric water capture device. Herein, the adsorption kinetics of three sorbents, a chromium (Cr)-based metal–organic framework (Cr-MIL-101), a carbon-based material (nanoporous sponges/NPS), and silica gel, have been tested experimentally, using powder layers ranging from ∌0 to 7.5 mm in thickness, in a custom-made calibrated environmental chamber cycling from 5 to 95% RH at 30 °C. A mass and energy transfer model was applied onto the experimental curves to better understand the contribution of key parameters (maximum water uptake, kinetics of single particles, layer open porosity, and particle size distribution). Open porosity (i.e., the void-to-particle ratio in the sorbent layer) shows the highest influence to improve the kinetics. Converting the sorbent kinetics data into a daily yield of captured water demonstrated (i) the existence of an optimal open porosity for each sorbent, (ii) that thinner layers with moderate open porosity performed respectively better than thicker layers with high open porosity, and (iii) that high maximum water uptake and fast single-particle kinetics are not necessarily predictive of high daily water yield

    Cartes conceptuelles du Glossaire

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    Ce guide pĂ©dagogique fait suite au Glossaire du DESS en administration de l'Ă©ducation. Il explique comment les mots du vocabulaire reliĂ© au travail des directions d'Ă©tablissement scolaire et Ă  leur formation peuvent ĂȘtre regroupĂ©s dans des cartes conceptuelles pour mieux en saisir la portĂ©e. Il explicite aussi la conception et la construction de cartes conceptuelles et prĂ©sente des exemples issus de la concertation entre les formateurs

    Concepts «fondamentaux» en administration de l’éducation

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    Glossaire Ă©laborĂ© par des membres de la cellule "administration scolaire" au DĂ©partement d'administration et fondements de l'Ă©ducation. DĂ©finitions retenues qui s’appliquent toutes au domaine de l’éducation. Document complĂ©mentaire aux notions vĂ©hiculĂ©es dans le cours ETA6900 : Introduction Ă  l’administration de l’éducation

    Improving atmospheric water harvesting in carbon-based sorbents through CO₂ activation

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    ABSTRACT: Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) can serve as an alternative fresh water source in regions with scarce access to drinking water. While many techniques are geographically or seasonally limited, sorbent-based AWH shows the potential for wider application. Low-cost, carbon-based sorbents named nanoporous sponges (NPS) are recently developed, exhibiting fast and repeatable water uptake of 0.14 g g⁻Âč at 90% relative pressure. While useful from a cost and daily water yield point of view, there is room for improvement. This article presents an improved production process combining pyrolysis and activation under CO₂ in a single step, yielding improved NPS capable of reproducibly reaching a water uptake of 0.47 g g⁻Âč at 95% relative pressure while maintaining fast sorption rates. The NPS show significant endurance and are able to maintain stable performance over numerous humidity cycles. An unexpected time-dependant sorption behavior is also identified for NPS produced with a modified synthesis formulation, due to an increase in sodium carbonate residual content

    Nanoporous sponges as carbon-based sorbents for atmospheric water generation

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    Water scarcity threatens more and more people in the world. Moisture adsorption from the atmosphere represents a promising avenue to provide fresh water. Nanoporous sponges (“NPSs” ), new carbon-based sorbents synthesized from the pyrolysis of resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, can achieve comparable performance to metal organic framework-based systems, but at a significantly lower cost. Oxygen and nitrogen functionalities can be added to the NPS surface, through oxidation and addition of phenanthroline to the initial reagent mixture, respectively. The resulting NPS sorbents have high specific surface areas of 347 to 527 m2·g–1 and an average capillary-condensation-compatible pore size of 1.5 nm. When oxidized, the NPS can capture up to 0.28 g of water per gram of adsorbent at a relative pressure of 0.90 (0.14 g·g–1 at P/Psat = 0.40) and maintain this adsorption capacity over multiple adsorption/desorption cycles. Scaled-up synthesis of the NPS was performed and tested in an experimental water capture setup, showing good agreement between small- and larger-scale adsorption properties. Water adsorption isotherms fitted with the theoretical model proposed by Do and Do demonstrate that hydroxyl functionalities are of key importance to NPS behavior

    SynthÚse et caractérisation de nouveaux semi-conducteurs organiques à base de carbazole et d'indolo[3,2-b]carbazole

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    Cette thĂšse porte sur la synthĂšse et la caractĂ©risation de nouveaux semi-conducteurs organiques Ă  base de carbazole et d'indolo[3,2-b]carbazole. La synthĂšse de petites molĂ©cules et de polymĂšres a Ă©tĂ© accomplie dans le but de fabriquer des transistors organiques Ă  effet de champ (TOECs). Plusieurs techniques de mise en oeuvre ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es pour dĂ©poser les films et obtenir les meilleures performances possibles. Tout d'abord, l'Ă©vaporation sous vide des petites molĂ©cules a permis d'obtenir des films avec un haut degrĂ© de cristallinitĂ©, qui furent analysĂ©s par diffraction des rayons-X (DRX) et par microscopie Ă  balayage Ă©lectronique (MBE). Dans le but de fabriquer des dispositifs Ă  trĂšs faible coĂ»t, la synthĂšse de nouveaux matĂ©riaux a permis la mise en oeuvre par voie humide. La fabrication et la caractĂ©risation des dispositifs montrent qu'il est possible d'obtenir de bonnes performances en TOEC mĂȘme lorsque le matĂ©riau est dĂ©posĂ© en solution. Finalement, de nouveaux polymĂšres qui comportent des chaĂźnes latĂ©rales fluorĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© synthĂ©tisĂ©s pour mieux comprendre le changement d'organisation qui est induit lors de l'ajout de ces atomes de fluor comparativement aux atomes d'hydrogĂšn
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