Summary of physico-chemical and ecotoxicological properties of the substances considered in this study, and information on the analytical procedures and experiments.

a<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Vink1" target="_blank">[94]</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-VelLeitner1" target="_blank">[96]</a>.</p>b<p>Calculated from ACD/Labs (<a href="http://www.acdlabs.com" target="_blank">www.acdlabs.com</a>, last accessed 19 January 2013).</p>c<p>Environmental Quality Standards <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Chvre1" target="_blank">[97]</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Kase1" target="_blank">[100]</a>.</p>d<p>First/second experiment.</p

Summary of the degradation efficiency for the five selected micropollutants in different wastewater treatment systems.

<p>Removal >95%: ++, 70–95%: +, 30–70%: +/−, 5–30%: –, <5%: – –, not available: n.a. Upper part of the table refers to literature review, the lower part (grey area) to this study.</p>a<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Matamoros1" target="_blank">[25]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Dordio1" target="_blank">[31]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Matamoros5" target="_blank">[38]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Massmann1" target="_blank">[40]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Clausen1" target="_blank">[101]</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Yu2" target="_blank">[105]</a>.</p>b<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Matamoros4" target="_blank">[36]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Weiss1" target="_blank">[63]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Zwiener1" target="_blank">[106]</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-ElBestawy1" target="_blank">[109]</a>.</p>c<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Matamoros5" target="_blank">[38]</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Matamoros6" target="_blank">[39]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Matamoros10" target="_blank">[110]</a>.</p>d<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Kim1" target="_blank">[47]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Boule1" target="_blank">[61]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Vogna1" target="_blank">[111]</a>.</p>e<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Kim1" target="_blank">[47]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Hem1" target="_blank">[62]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Beltrn1" target="_blank">[64]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Vogna1" target="_blank">[111]</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Jose1" target="_blank">[115]</a>.</p>f<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Matamoros1" target="_blank">[25]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Matamoros2" target="_blank">[27]</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Matamoros3" target="_blank">[28]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-HijosaValsero2" target="_blank">[33]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Matamoros4" target="_blank">[36]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Matamoros5" target="_blank">[38]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Matamoros9" target="_blank">[103]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-HijosaValsero4" target="_blank">[116]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-HijosaValsero5" target="_blank">[117]</a>.</p>g<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058864#pone.0058864-Margot1" target="_blank">[5]</a>.</p

Summary of batch experiments conducted to study the removal capacity of individual treatments. All experiments were repeated three times.

<p>Summary of batch experiments conducted to study the removal capacity of individual treatments. All experiments were repeated three times.</p

Relative concentration of CBZ after adsorption onto sand and Filtralite® in batch tests.

<p>Normalized concentrations larger than unity are likely due to analytical uncertainties.</p

Schematic illustration of the flow-through experiment, similar to an ECW system but unplanted.

<p>This setup was used for the experiments in this work, and therefore the dimensions reported in the drawing are not representative of a full-scale system.</p

Relative degradation of DCF, CBZ, MCP, SMX, BZT in the laboratory-scale ECW with LECA and sand as adsorption support, together with UV photolysis.

<p>The vertical dashed line corresponds to the end of the injection phase.</p

UV degradation kinetics at pH 7.5 for CBZ, BZT, MCP and SMX.

<p>The solid line shows a fitted first-order exponential decay. The correlation coefficient (R²) for the fit and the expected half-life (t_1/2) are also reported.</p