Culture et santé mentale en Haïti : une revue de littérature

Cet article passe en revue et résume l’ensemble de la littérature sur la santé mentale et les services de santé mentale en Haïti. Ce compte rendu a été rédigé à la suite du tremblement de terre qui a frappé Haïti en janvier 2010. Nous avons effectué des recherches dans Medline, Google Scholar et d’autres bases de données disponibles en vue de recueillir la littérature scientifique pertinente sur la santé mentale en Haïti. La consultation d’ouvrages de référence et de la littérature grise sur Haïti a complété les recherches. La première partie décrit les principales données historiques, économiques, sociologiques et anthropologiques qui permettent de comprendre sommairement Haïti et sa population. La démographie, la structure familiale, l’économie haïtienne et la religion y sont abordées. La deuxième partie est axée sur la santé mentale et les services de santé mentale. L’épidémiologie élémentaire des maladies mentales, les croyances au sujet des maladies mentales, les modèles explicatifs, les idiomes de détresse, les comportements de recherche d’aide, la configuration des services de santé mentale et l’étude des relations entre la religion et la santé mentale y sont examinés.This paper reviews and summarizes the available literature on Haitian mental health and mental health services. This review was conducted in light of the Haitian earthquake in January 2010. We searched Medline, Google Scholar and other available databases to gather scholarly literature relevant to mental health in Haiti. This was supplemented by consultation of key books and grey literature relevant to Haiti. The first part of the review describes historical, economic, sociological and anthropological factors essential to a basic understanding of Haiti and its people. This includes discussion of demography, family structure, Haitian economics and religion. The second part of the review focuses on mental health and mental health services. This includes a review of factors such as basic epidemiology of mental illness, common beliefs about mental illness, explanatory models, idioms of distress, help-seeking behavior, configuration of mental health services and the relationship between religion and mental health.Este artículo revisa y resume la literatura sobre la salud mental y los servicios de salud mental en Haití. Este informe fue redactado después del terremoto que sacudió a Haití en enero de 2010. Realizamos búsquedas en Medline, Google Scholar y otras bases de datos disponibles a fin de recopilar la literatura científica pertinente acerca de la salud mental en Haití. La investigación fue completada con obras de referencia y literatura gris acerca de Haití. La primera parte describe los principales datos históricos, económicos, sociológicos y antropológicos que permiten comprender someramente a Haití y a su población. Se abordan la demografía, la estructura familiar, la economía haitiana y la religión. La segunda parte se centra en la salud mental y los servicios de salud mental. Se examinan la epidemiología elemental de las enfermedades mentales, las creencias con respecto a las enfermedades mentales, los modelos explicativos, las expresiones de angustia, los comportamientos de búsqueda de ayuda, la configuración de los servicios de salud mental y el estudio de las relaciones entre la religión y la salud mental.Este artigo passa em revista e resume a literatura sobre a saúde mental e os serviços de saúde mental no Haiti. Este resumo foi redigido após o tremor de terra que atingiu o Haiti em janeiro de 2010. Realizamos pesquisas no Medline, no Google Scholar e em outros bancos de dados disponíveis visando reunir a literatura científica pertinente sobre a saúde mental no Haiti. A consulta de obras de referência e da literatura “cinzenta” sobre o Haiti completou as pesquisas. A primeira parte descreve os principais dados históricos, econômicos, sociológicos e antropológicos que permitem entender sumariamente o Haiti e sua população. São abordadas a demografia, a estrutura familiar, a economia haitiana e a religião. A segunda parte trata da saúde mental e dos serviços de saúde mental. São examinados: a epidemiologia elementar das doenças mentais, as crenças sobre as doenças mentais, os modelos explicativos, as demonstrações de desespero, os comportamentos de busca de auxílio, a configuração dos serviços de saúde mental e o estudo das relações entre a religião e a saúde mental

Cellular processes of v-Src transformation revealed by gene profiling of primary cells - Implications for human cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cell transformation by the Src tyrosine kinase is characterized by extensive changes in gene expression. In this study, we took advantage of several strains of the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) to characterize the patterns of v-Src-dependent gene expression in two different primary cell types, namely chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) and chicken neuroretinal (CNR) cells. We identified a common set of v-Src regulated genes and assessed if their expression is associated with disease-free survival using several independent human tumor data sets.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>CEF and CNR cells were infected with transforming, non-transforming, and temperature sensitive mutants of RSV to identify the patterns of gene expression in response to v-Src-transformation. Microarray analysis was used to measure changes in gene expression and to define a common set of v-Src regulated genes (CSR genes) in CEF and CNR cells. A clustering enrichment regime using the CSR genes and two independent breast tumor data-sets was used to identify a 42-gene aggressive tumor gene signature. The aggressive gene signature was tested for its prognostic value by conducting survival analyses on six additional tumor data sets.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The analysis of CEF and CNR cells revealed that cell transformation by v-Src alters the expression of 6% of the protein coding genes of the genome. A common set of 175 v-Src regulated genes (CSR genes) was regulated in both CEF and CNR cells. Within the CSR gene set, a group of 42 v-Src inducible genes was associated with reduced disease- and metastasis-free survival in several independent patient cohorts with breast or lung cancer. Gene classes represented within this group include DNA replication, cell cycle, the DNA damage and stress responses, and blood vessel morphogenesis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>By studying the v-Src-dependent changes in gene expression in two types of primary cells, we identified a set of 42 inducible genes associated with poor prognosis in breast and lung cancer. The identification of these genes provides a set of biomarkers of aggressive tumor behavior and a framework for the study of cancer cells characterized by elevated Src kinase activity.</p

Health as a human right and medical humanitarianism on the Haitian-Dominican border

At a government hospital in the town of Dajabon, in the northwestern Dominican Republic, doctors and nurses must make decisions on whether or not to treat Haitian patients who have crossed the border in search of health care. This thesis examines the discourses and practices of Haitian patients and Dominican health care providers in the context of two co-existing but contrasting rhetorics: health as a human right, and medical humanitarianism. Using data collected through semi-structured interviews and participant observation, I examine how social, political, and economic forces shape medical encounters on the Haitian-Dominican border