Auf der Suche nach der nationalen Innovationskultur Deutschlands - die Etablierung der Verfahrenstechnik in der BRD, DDR seit 1950

Die Rolle der Hochschulen im Innovationssystem sowohl der BRD als auch der DDR hat sich in den letzten fünfzig Jahren zum Teil dramatisch geändert. Der Veränderungsprozess in der Bundesrepublik lässt sich grob in drei Phasen einteilen, die sich zwar überlappen, dennoch im wesentlichen eine zeitliche Abfolge darstellen. 1) Grundlagenorientierung und Anwendungsferne (1940er und 1950er Jahre), 2) Berufsausbildungsfunktion (1960er), 3) Wirtschaftsorientierung (1970er bis heute). Die große Drittmittel- und Wirtschaftsorientierung allein, die es in ähnlicher Form auch in der DDR gegeben hat, garantiert allerdings noch keinen Erfolg des Innovationssystems. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den Disziplinbildungsprozess in der Verfahrenstechnik an ost- und westdeutschen Hochschulen - speziell geht es um die Frage, inwieweit die beiden politischen Systeme zu einer differenzierten Ausrichtung der Disziplin und zu unterschiedlichem Innovationsverhalten geführt haben könnten. Durch den methodisch-theoretischen Zugang der Kollektivbiographie zeigt sich, dass die unterschiedlichen Reaktions- und Verhaltensmuster der wissenschaftlich-technischen Eliten in Ost- und Westdeutschland den Disziplinbildungsprozess in verschiedene Richtungen vorantreiben. -- The role of universities in the system of innovation changed dramatically in the last fifty years. This observation is evident from the analysis of (examples in) the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). The change in the FRG can be structured in three phases: 1) Orientation towards basic science and neglection of applications (1940´s and 1950´s) 2) Orientation towards the educational function of universities for professional careers (1960´s) 3) Orientation towards industry and business (1970´s onwards) The orientation towards industry and business existed in similar form in the GDR but did not guarantee the success of the system of innovation. This study examines the process of discipline establishment in Verfahrenstechnik (chemical engineering) at east and west German universities. Specifically, the following question is posed: To what degree did the two political systems lead to a different approach of the disciplines towards innovation. Employing the method of collective biography this study demonstrates that the scientific elites in east and west Germany developed their respective disciplines differently.Management von technischen Innovationen und Forschung und Entwicklung,Wirtschaftsgeschichte,Bildung,management of technological innovation and R&D,economic history,education

Local and systemic inflammation after implantation of a novel iron based porous degradable bone replacement material in sheep model

Despite the high potential of healthy bone to regenerate, the reconstruction of large bone defects remains a challenge. Due to the lack of mechanical stability of existing bone substitutes, recently developed degradable metallic alloys are an interesting alternative providing higher load-bearing capabilities. Degradable iron-based alloys therefore might be an attractive innovation. To test the suitability of a newly-designed iron-based alloy for such applications, an animal experiment was performed. Porous iron-based degradable implants with two different densities and a control group were tested. The implants were positioned in the proximal tibia of Merino sheep. Over a period of 6 and 12~months, blood and histological parameters were monitored for signs of inflammation and degradation. In the histological evaluation of the implants` environment we found degraded alloy particles, but no inflammatory reaction. Iron particles were also found within the popliteal lymph nodes on both sides. The serum blood levels of phosphorus, iron and ferritin in the long term groups were elevated. Other parameters did not show any changes. Iron-based degradable porous bone replacement implants showed a good biocompatibility in this experiment. For a clinical application, however, the rate of degradation would have to be significantly increased. Biocompatibility would then have to be re-evaluated

Expanding the Research Data Management Service Portfolio at Bielefeld University According to the Three-pillar Principle Towards Data FAIRness

Schirrwagen J, Cimiano P, Ayer V, et al. Expanding the Research Data Management Service Portfolio at Bielefeld University According to the Three-pillar Principle Towards Data FAIRness. Data Science Journal. 2019;18(1): 6.Research Data Management at Bielefeld University is considered as a cross-cutting task among central facilities and research groups at the faculties. While initially started as project “Bielefeld Data Informium” lasting over seven years (2010–2015), it is now being expanded by setting up a Competence Center for Research Data. The evolution of the institutional RDM is based on the three-pillar principle: 1. Policies, 2. Technical infrastructure and 3. Support structures. The problem of data quality and the issues with reproducibility of research data is addressed in the project Conquaire. It is creating an infrastructure for the processing and versioning of research data which will finally allow publishing of research data in the institutional repository. Conquaire extends the existing RDM infrastructure in three ways: with a Collaborative Platform, Data Quality Checking, and Reproducible Research

Expanding the Research Data Management Service Portfolio at Bielefeld University According to the Three-pillar Principle Towards Data FAIRness

Research Data Management at Bielefeld University is considered as a cross-cutting task among central facilities and research groups at the faculties. While initially started as project “Bielefeld Data Informium” lasting over seven years (2010–2015), it is now being expanded by setting up a Competence Center for Research Data. The evolution of the institutional RDM is based on the three-pillar principle: 1. Policies, 2. Technical infrastructure and 3. Support structures. The problem of data quality and the issues with reproducibility of research data is addressed in the project Conquaire. It is creating an infrastructure for the processing and versioning of research data which will finally allow publishing of research data in the institutional repository. Conquaire extends the existing RDM infrastructure in three ways: with a Collaborative Platform, Data Quality Checking, and Reproducible Research

Expanding the research data management service portfolio at Bielefeld University according to the three-pillar principle towards data FAIRness

Schirrwagen J, Cimiano P, Ayer V, et al. Expanding the research data management service portfolio at Bielefeld University according to the three-pillar principle towards data FAIRness. Presented at the Göttingen-CODATA RDM Symposium 2018, Göttingen

DCMQI: An open source library for standardized communication of quantitative image analysis results using DICOM

Quantitative analysis of clinical image data is an active area of research that holds promise for precision medicine, early assessment of treatment response, and objective characterization of the disease. Interoperability, data sharing, and the ability to mine the resulting data are of increasing importance, given the explosive growth in the number of quantitative analysis methods being proposed. The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard is widely adopted for image and metadata in radiology. dcmqi (DICOM for Quantitative Imaging) is a free, open source library that implements conversion of the data stored in commonly used research formats into the standard DICOM representation. dcmqi source code is distributed under BSD-style license. It is freely available as a precompiled binary package for every major operating system, as a Docker image, and as an extension to 3D Slicer. Installation and usage instructions are provided in the GitHub repository at https://github.com/qiicr/dcmqi