The systemic inflammatory response following hand instrumentation versus ultrasonic instrumentation—a randomized controlled trial

Objective: This study sought to investigate whether the immediate systemic inflammatory response following full mouth debridement differs following use of hand compared with ultrasonic instruments. Methods: Thirty‐nine periodontitis patients were randomised to treatment with full‐mouth debridement using either hand or ultrasonic instrumentation completed within 24 hours. Serum and periodontal clinical parameters were collected at baseline, day 1, day 7 and day 90 post‐treatment. Differences in systemic inflammatory markers were assessed using general linear models at each time‐point, corrected for age, gender, smoking status, body mass index and baseline levels of each marker. Results: Across all patients, serum C‐reactive protein increased at day 1, with no differences between hand and ultrasonic groups (p(adjusted)=0.22). There was no difference between groups in interleukin‐6 (p(adjusted)=0.29) or tumour necrosis factor α (p(adjusted)=0.53) at day 1. Inflammatory markers returned to baseline levels by day 7. Treatment resulted in equal and marked improvements in clinical parameters in both groups; however, total treatment time was on average shorter for ultrasonic instruments (p(adjusted)=0.002). Conclusions: Ultrasonic instrumentation resulted in shorter treatment time with comparable clinical outcomes. Levels of serum C‐reactive protein at day 1 were similar following debridement with hand or ultrasonic instruments

Oscillatory polarons generation by near IR and spin induced chirality studies in optically nonlinear 1,3-dinitrobenzene crystal

Paramagnetic species in the 1,3-dinitrobenzene ( m DNB) crystal have been detected by EPR spectroscopy and the intervalence (conductivity) band at 10,400 cm 1 along the polar c axis, and the band at 7400 cm 1 along the a axis, of unknown origin, have been found in its polarized NIR spectra. The radical anions occurrence and supposed helical superstructure formed due to nitro groups interactions have induced the chirality of solid m DNB confirmed by the CD spectra record and ab initio quantum chemical calculations. The several times irradiation of m DNB crystal samples by the 980 nm and 1550 nm laser diode beams have revealed temporal fluctuations of radical anions concentration (EPR) and of NIR band intensities, as well as CD spectra changes. An autocatalytic reduction by NIR is supposed to be responsible for the observed fluctuations. The proposed conclusions were reinforced by the density functional (DFT) calculations of electronic properties (ionization energy, electron affinity, dipole moment, hyperpolariz- ability) of m DNB neutral and charged clusters formed along the hypothetical helix and by the calculation of crystal band structure. The UV–Vis–NIR absorption and CD spectra of m DNB molecular systems were computed at non-empirical all-electron level by DFT method within the correlation consistent 6- 311G (2d,2p) basis set and hybrid B3LYP density functional