Long-term follow-up of pediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome treated at Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl (Medellín (HUSVP), Colombia), between January 1960 and December 2009

ABSTRACT: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a glomerular disease that frequently affects children. There have been few studies on it in Colombia. Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological features of children with SN treated at HUSVP between 1960 and 2009. Methodology: Retrospective and descriptive study. Results: Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome was diagnosed in 87.9% of the patients, and between 1.7%-5.4% turned steroid-resistant. Biopsies revealed disease with minimal changes in 43.6% and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in 37.3%. Additional immunosuppressive therapy was required by 40% of the patients; in 88.8% of these, cyclophosphamide was used, and remission was achieved in 85.7%. In 56% of the cases there were complications that were infectious in 52%. Nine percent of the patients progressed to end-stage renal disease. Mortality rate was 5.7%. Discussion: The large number of patients with nephrotic syndrome studied in this series and the long period of follow-up (up to 35 years) provide valuable information about the clinical behavior of this syndrome in Colombia and on its response to immunosuppressive therapy.RESUMEN: El síndrome nefrótico (SN) es una de las enfermedades glomerulares más frecuentes en la infancia y son pocos los estudios realizados en Colombia sobre esta enfermedad. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los niños con SN atendidos en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, de Medellín, Colombia, entre los años 1960-2009. Metodología: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Resultados: el 87,9% de los pacientes fueron corticosensibles, entre 1,7%-5,4% se tornaron corticorresistentes. La histopatología predominante fue la del síndrome nefrótico con cambios mínimos (43,6%) seguida por la glomeruloesclerosis focal y segmentaria (37,3%). El 40% requirieron inmunosupresión adicional; en 88,8% de estos se utilizó ciclofosfamida con remisión en 85,7%. Se presentaron complicaciones en 56% y 52% de ellas fueron infecciosas. El 9% de los pacientes llegaron a la insuficiencia renal crónica. La tasa de mortalidad fue del 5,7%. Discusión: esta es una de las series más grandes de pacientes con SN reportadas hasta el momento y con un período de seguimiento de hasta 35 años, lo que aporta información valiosa sobre el comportamiento local de la enfermedad y la respuesta al tratamiento inmunosupresor, El seguimiento a largo plazo de estos pacientes es fundamental para ofrecer el mejor tratamiento disponible y nos plantea nuevos interrogantes sobre la evolución del SN en nuestra población

Associated urological malformations and development of chronic kidney disease in pediatric patients with urinary tract infection at San Vicente de Paúl Hospital (Medellín, Colombia) between 1960 and 2010 = Malformaciones urológicas asociadas y desarrollo de enfermedad renal crónica en pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de infección urinaria que consultaron al Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl (Medellín, Colombia) entre los años 1960-2010

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a major cause of bacterial disease in the pediatric population. Associated factors such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), posterior urethral valves, neurogenic bladder and other anatomical malformations increase the likelihood of developing renal scarring and dysplasia/hypoplasia, which at the same time increase in the long term the risk of hypertension (HT), proteinuria and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objective: To describe the malformations associated with the frequency of UTI and development of CKD in pediatric patients who consulted San Vicente de Paúl Hospital, in Medellin, Colombia, between 1960 and 2010. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective study in which the clinical records of 4.476 patients with UTI were evaluated. Results: Patients with urinary tract anomalies corresponded to 78.3% of the total (predominance of women: 52.8%). Primary VUR was found in 29.9%; out of these, 5.1% progressed to CKD. Neurogenic bladder was diagnosed in 8.6%, of which 70.8% were secondary to myelomeningocele and 4.9% developed CKD. The posterior urethral valves were present in 3.5% of the total sample, of which 28.5% developed CKD. Conclusion: UTI in the pediatric population is a marker of urinary tract malformation and the prognosis is determined by the presence of VUR, obstructive anomalies and/or renal dysplasia favoring renal scarring, and increasing the risk of hypertension, proteinuria and CKD. An appropriate diagnostic approach would be the basis to implement management strategies to prevent deterioration of renal function