Structure-reactivity study of O-tosyl Cinchona alkaloids in their new synthesis and in hydrolysis to 9-epibases : unexpected formation of cinchonicine enol tosylate accelerated by microwave activation

New methods for O - tosylation of the natural Cinchona alkaloids have been discovered as a biphasic processes with Bu 3 N as a catalyst. The optimized excess of tosy l chloride , necessary for transformation of each of the four alkaloid s into O - tosy l derivative , decreases in the following order : quinine, quinidine, cinchonidine and cinchonine . The same decreasing order has been noticed for the hy drolysis rate of the appropriate tosylates to 9 - epibases . D iffic ult conversion of O - tosy lcinchonine in the hydrolytic medium of aq ueous tarta ric acid gives 9 - epicinchonine together with parallel formation of cinchonicine enol tosylate. The latter product is obtained as the main when both cinchonine and cinchonidine tosylates react in the presence of salicylic acid under controlled microwave heating . On the basis of X - ray structure of the new alkene product, the stereoselective syn - E2 quinuclidine ring opening process , competing to the S N 2 hydrolysis is postulated for this transformation

Omówienia i Sprawozdania

Omówienia i sprawozdania są częścią tomu, obejmującą omówienie jednej książki i dwóch wydarzeń naukowych. Są to: - Święta Anna w wierze, pobożności i sztuce – dawniej i dziś. Perspektywa uniwersalna i regionalna, red. Ewelina M. Mączka, Sylwia Mikołajczak, Olsztyn 2021, ss. 313 - Sprawozdanie z XIV Międzynarodowego Warmińskiego Seminarium Hagiologicznego pt. Święci Cyryl i Metody w wierze, pobożności, teologii i sztuce – dawniej i dziś (perspektywa uniwersalna i regionalna) (Saints Cyril and Methodius in faith, piety, theology and art – then and today (universal and regional perspective)), Wydział Teologii UWM w Olsztynie, 4 listopada 2022 r. - 23. Dni Interdyscyplinarne na Wydziale Teologii UWM w Olsztynie, 7–8 listopada 2022 r

Circardian Rhythm of Blood Pressure in Patients with Early Phase of Primary Chronic Glomerulonephritis

Wstęp Zaburzony dobowy rytm ciśnienia tętniczego jest czynnikiem ryzyka rozwoju powikłań sercowo-naczyniowych. Dotychczas nie badano rytmu dobowego u chorych we wczesnym okresie przewlekłego kłębuszkowego zapalenia nerek. Materiał i metody U nieleczonych 23 chorych we wczesnym okresie przewlekłego kłębuszkowego zapalenia nerek z klirensem kreatyniny powyżej 75 ml/min/1,73 m2 przeprowadzono całodobowy automatyczny pomiar ciśnienia tętniczego (ABPM). Nadciśnienie tętnicze rozpoznawano, gdy średnie ciśnienie w ciągu dnia wynosiło powyżej 131/85 mm Hg, a zaburzony dobowy rytm ciśnienia tętniczego (non-dipping) rozpoznawano, gdy względne obniżenie skurczowego i rozkurczowego ciśnienia tętniczego w nocy było mniejsze niż 10% w porównaniu z ciśnieniem w ciągu dnia. Wyniki Nadciśnienie tętnicze rozpoznano u 3 spośród 10 chorych z zespołem nerczycowym i u 5 spośród 13 chorych z mniejszym białkomoczem. Zaburzony rytm dobowy ciśnienia stwierdzono u 16 spośród 23 badanych chorych (70%), z podobną częstością u chorych z nadciśnieniem tętniczym, jak i u chorych z prawidłowymi wartościami ciśnienia. Nie wykazano różnic istotnych statystycznie w wybranych parametrach charakteryzujących ciśnienie tętnicze i jego rytm dobowy między chorymi z zespołem nerczycowym i chorymi z mniej nasilonym białkomoczem. Porównanie podobnych parametrów między grupami dippers i non-dippers również nie wykazało istotnych różnic. Wnioski Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że u większości chorych we wczesnym okresie przewlekłego kłębuszkowego zapalenia nerek występuje zaburzony rytm dobowy ciśnienia tętniczego, który można wiązać ze wzmożoną aktywnością współczulnego układu nerwowego.Background Disturbed circardian rhythm of blood pressure is a risk factor for cardiovascular complications. The impact of circardian blood pressure rhythm in patients with early phase of primary chronic glomerulonephritis was not studied before. Material and methods In 23 untreated patients with early stage of primary chronic glomerulonephritis (GN) with creatinine clearance > 75 ml/min/1,73m2 the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed. Arterial hypertension was diagnosed when mean blood pressure (BP) during the day was > 131/84 mm Hg and the disturbed circadian BP rhythm (non-dipping) was diagnosed when the relative decrease of systolic and diastolic BP during the night was less than 10% when compared to BP during the day. Results Hypertension was found in 3/10 patients (70%) with nephrotic syndrome (NS) and in 5/13 patients with smaller proteinuria. The disturbed circadian rhythm of BP (non-dipping) was found in 16 patients out of 23 persons investigated with similar incidence in patients with hypertension and normotensive patients. No significant differences were found when some parameters characterizing blood pressure and its diurnal rhythm were compared in patients with nephrotic syndrome and these with nonnephrotic proteinuria. The comparision of similar parameters between "dippers" and "non-dippers" also does not demonstrate significant differences. Conclusions These results indicate that in the majority of patients with early stage of GN the daily BP rhythm is disturbed, which may be attributed to the increased sympathetic nervous system activity

Systematic Review of the Treatment of Persistent Hyperparathyroidism Following Kidney Transplantation

Chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder is one of the complications associated with chronic kidney disease. About 10–50% of patients following kidney transplantation have persistent hyperparathyroidism. Hypercalcaemic hyperparathyroidism has a negative impact on the kidney transplant outcome; therefore, it requires treatment. The data regarding the treatment of persistent hyperparathyroidism provided in scientific publications are divergent and contradictory. Therefore, the aim of our systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of persistent hyperparathyroidism treatment in patients following kidney transplantation. The Cochrane, PubMed, and Scopus databases were browsed independently by two authors. The search strategy included controlled vocabulary and keywords. The effectiveness of calcitriol, paricalcitol, cinacalcet, and parathyroidectomy was compared and analysed. The mean calcium and parathormone (PTH) concentrations per patient in the group of paricalcitol increased by 1.27% and decreased by 35.14% (n = 248); in the group of cinacalcet decreased by 12.09% and 32.16% (n = 368); and in the group of parathyroidectomy decreased by 19.06% and 86.49% (n = 15) at the end of the study compared to the baseline (n = 244, n = 342 and n = 15), respectively. Paricalcitol, cinacalcet, and parathyroidectomy decreased the intact PTH level. Cinacalcet and parathyroidectomy lowered calcium levels in renal transplant patients with hypercalcaemia. Conversely, paricalcitol increased the serum calcium concentration. Cinacalcet seems to be a good candidate in the treatment of post-transplant hyperparathyroidism

Hormones and depression in the advanced age

Introduction: In older people, depression and mental disability are more frequently present than in younger subjects. It is found that depression is a risk factor for dementia, just as dementia is a risk factor for depression. In turn, both disturbances are known to be influenced by hormones. The present study aimed to see whether the hormonal changes in subjects over 75 years old correlate with the symptoms of depression measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Material and methods: In a group of patients aged over 75 years, concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), oestradiol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAs), and cortisol were measured in serum with the use of chemiluminescence. The symptoms of depression were estimated by GDS, and the mental functions were assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The correlations between the obtained results were estimated by Spearman’s test. Results and Conclusions: A significant correlation between GDS and MMSE scores was observed in the investigated patients. Some statistically significant correlations concerning cortisol and testosterone with GDS were observed in women, but not in men. On the other hand, no significant correlations between concentrations of FSH, LH, DHEAs, and oestradiol with GDS were noticed. Our data support the role of cortisol (possibly secreted during chronic stress) in the risk of depression. The gender difference in the mechanism of depression and stress in older age could be also hypothesized

Patterns of glomerular disease based on 4-year kidney biopsy material analyzed by light microscopy and immunofluorescence: a retrospective single-center analysis in Poland

The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiology of different patterns of chronic glomerular diseases based on clinical, histopathological and immunofluorescent findings of glomerulonephritis patients hospitalized in the Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases in Poznan between January 2009 and December 2012. We retrospectively studied 418 patients who had been subjected to renal biopsies. Data on serum creatinine concentration, 24 h proteinuria, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and histological and immunofluorescent findings were collected. The patients’ mean age was 42 ±15. The male sex prevailed (53.1%). Immunoglobulin A nephropathy was the most common finding (18.9%), followed by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (16.3%), membranous glomerulonephritis (10.1%), lupus nephritis (8.4%), extracapillary glomerulonephritis (3.3%) and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (2.6%). In 69 (16.5%) patients the biopsy was non-informative or non-diagnostic. Patients with membranous nephropathy presented the highest frequency of nephrotic syndrome (71.4%), followed by membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Combined analysis of the clinical, histopathological and immunofluorescent findings in glomerulonephritis patients based on a single center’s data can provide important epidemiological findings