956 research outputs found
Cabozantinib versus sunitinib as initial therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma of intermediate or poor risk (Alliance A031203 CABOSUN randomised trial): Progression-free survival by independent review and overall survival update
Apatorsen plus docetaxel versus docetaxel alone in platinum-resistant metastatic urothelial carcinoma (Borealis-2)
Universality in microscopic glass models
In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden verschiedene mikroskopische Modelle für strukturelle Gläser untersucht. Ziel einer solchen Untersuchung ist es, Eigenschaften solcher Systeme zu identifizieren, die sich als insensitiv gegenüber den Details der Modellierung erweisen und daher als Kandidaten für ``universelle'' Eigenschaften glasartiger Systeme angesehen werden können. Gleichzeitig gilt es auf lange Sicht, eine einheitliche Beschreibung der Hoch- und Tieftemperaturphänomene in glasartigen Systemen zu finden. Wir geben eine allgemeine Lösung für Modelle mit endlichdimensionaler Vertexunordnung sowie für ein Modell mit Bindungsunordnung, in dem die Entwicklung des Wechselwirkungspotentials Zufallsterme zweiter und dritter Ordnung enthält. Eine alle diesen Systemen gemeinsame Eigenschaft ist das Auftreten von Korrelationen zwischen verschiedenen Parametern im Ensemble der effektiven Einteilchenpotentiale, auf die das wechselwirkende System im Rahmen einer Mean-Field Näherung abgebildet werden kann. Solche Ensembles von Einteilchenproblemen bilden die übliche Beschreibungsebene glasartiger Tieftemperaturanomalien im Rahmen phänomenologischer Modelle. Im Modell mit Bindungsunordnung finden wir eine systematische Unterdrückung von symmetrischen Einteilchenpotentialen in Übereinstimmung mit früheren Untersuchungen an verwandten Modellen. Wir identifizieren diese Eigenschaft als möglicherweise universelle Eigenschaft der Klasse von Systemen mit Bindungsunordnung. In den in der vorliegenden Arbeit untersuchen Modellen sind die Eigenschaften des Übergangs zu glasartiger Ordnung allerdings weiterhin nicht im Einklang mit Erwartungen, die man an eine Beschreibung des Glasübergangs im Rahmen von Mean-Field Modellen richten würde
Scanning apertureless microscopy below the diffraction limit: Comparisons between theory and experiment
The exact nature of the signal in scanning apertureless microscopy techniques is the subject of much debate. We have sought to resolve this controversy by carrying out simulations and experiments on the same structures. Simulations of a model of tip–sample coupling are shown to exhibit features that are in agreement with experimental observations at dimensions below the diffraction limit. The simulation of the optical imaging process is carried out using atomic force microscope data as a topographical template and a tip–sample dipole coupling model as the source of optical signal. The simulations show a number of key fingerprints including a dependence on the polarization of the external laser source, the size of the tip, and index of refraction of the sample being imaged. The experimental results are found to be in agreement with many of the features of the simulations. We conclude that the results of the dipole coupling theory agree qualitatively with experimental data and that apertureless microscopy measures optical properties, not just topography
Evidence foe superradiance in the recombination from CdTe
Linewidth narrowing attributed to superradiance has been observed in near bandgap radiation due to the recombination of impact ionized carriers in n-type CdTe at room temperature. The light emission was associated with a current breakdown that occurred at a threshold field of 12,000 V/cm in highly compensated n-type samples
Electron-nuclei spin relaxation through phonon-assisted hyperfine interaction in a quantum dot
We investigate the inelastic spin-flip rate for electrons in a quantum dot
due to their contact hyperfine interaction with lattice nuclei. In contrast to
other works, we obtain a spin-phonon coupling term from this interaction by
taking directly into account the motion of nuclei in the vibrating lattice. In
the calculation of the transition rate the interference of first and second
orders of perturbation theory turns out to be essential. It leads to a
suppression of relaxation at long phonon wavelengths, when the confining
potential moves together with the nuclei embedded in the lattice. At higher
frequencies (or for a fixed confining potential), the zero-temperature rate is
proportional to the frequency of the emitted phonon. We address both the
transition between Zeeman sublevels of a single electron ground state as well
as the triplet-singlet transition, and we provide numerical estimates for
realistic system parameters. The mechanism turns out to be less efficient than
electron-nuclei spin relaxation involving piezoelectric electron-phonon
coupling in a GaAs quantum dot.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figur
Photoemissive Determination of Barrier Shape in Tunnel Junctions
Tunnel junctions have been characterized
in terms of three parameters, the barrier
heights φ_1, and φ_2, and the width S, which generally
are determined by a fit of experimental
current-voltage characteristic curves with theory.
In metal-semiconductor systems barrier
heights have been determined independently
of other parameters from measurement of the
spectral dependence of photoresponse. We
wish to report the first results of the application
of this technique to the measurement of
the barrier heights in Al-Al_2O_3-A1 and Al-A1_20_3—Au tunnel junctions where the Al_2O_3 thickness
is in the range of 20 to 40 Å
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