Healthy Snack Availability Near High- and Low-Income Urban Schools

Children’s snacking habits are influenced by their immediate food environments. Increasingly, findings show that factors such as corner stores near schools are related to obesity. This study was conducted in preparation for a larger, community-based participatory research project to create healthy snacking zones” near schools in a rural Oregon county. The objective was to assess healthy snack availability in stores located within a half mile radius of high- and low-income elementary and middle schools in Portland, Oregon. Using Geographic Information Systems, convenience and food stores were selected and classified as either high- or low income based on % eligibility to receive free or reduced-price lunch at the proximal school. The SNACZ food store checklist was used to evaluate availability of 50 healthy items in single- and multi-portion servings at these stores. A statistical test for the pairwise difference between two proportions was performed to evaluate the relationship between percentage of each single-serving size available and any size product available in the two location categories. Of the fifty snack items, statistically significant differences in availability between high- and low-income stores were found in eight single portion items, and ten items of any size. Single portion snack items were found less frequently than multi-portion items in both high- and low-income stores. Overall, the lack of single-serving healthy snack items in all stores indicates that children who do consume convenience store foods may benefit from healthier, single portion options to inhibit over-consumption and snacks high in fat, sugar, and sodium

Niobium based intermetallics as a source of high-current/high-magnetic field superconductors

The article is focused on low temperature intermetallic A15 superconducting wires development for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, NMR, and Nuclear Magnetic Imaging, MRI, magnets and also on cryogen-free magnets. There are many other applications which would benefit from new development such as future Large Hadron Collider to be built from A15 intermetallic conductors. This paper highlights the current status of development of the niobium based intermetallics with special attention to Nb 3 (Al 1-x, Ge x). Discussion is focused on the materials science aspects of conductor manufacture, such as b-phase (A15) formation, with particular emphasis on the maximisation of the superconducting parameters, such as critical current density, Jc, critical temperature, Tc, and upper critical field, Hc2 . Many successful manufacturing techniques of the potential niobium-aluminide intermetallic superconducting conductors, such as solid-state processing, liquid-solid processing, rapid heating/cooling processes, are described, compared and assessed. Special emphasis has been laid on conditions under which the Jc (B) peak effect occurs in some of the Nb3(Al,Ge) wires. A novel electrodeoxidizing method developed in Cambridge whereby the alloys and intermetallics are produced cheaply making all superconducting electromagnetic devices, using low cost LTCs, more cost effective is presented.This new technique has potential to revolutionise the existing superconducting industry enabling reduction of cost orders of magnitude.Comment: Paper presented at EUCAS'01 conference, Copenhagen, 26-30 August 200

Bound by // to // in earth

The story of Uravan does not end with its erasure in 1986. The 74 years of the town’s existence is only one chapter in the cyclical narrative of industry, individuals and the earth that shapes today’s political, economic and environmental discourse. Visitors to Uravan are active participants in this story’s ongoing development. The scale of this responsibility, however, is impossible to grasp. Without the architecture and artifact that make history tangible, Uravan’s legacy is invisible. All remains of the town’s infrastructure have been demolished, yet the site continues to be defined by its intangibility. The rubble of a destroyed company town is encapsulated in the ground for eternity. The memory of years dedicated to the industry lives on in the hearts and lungs of Uravan miners. The toxic byproducts of resource extraction now contaminate the very geological conditions that made the industry possible. Elimination of the entire town of Uravan is only rivaled in brilliance by the scale of global destruction that earth from the site made possible. The site’s physical absence demands an awareness by future generations of the power and repercussions that accompany industrial advancement. A choreographed sequence that draws on the narrative potential of Uravan’s void, illustrating the personal, environmental, and industrial histories entangled in the contaminated landscape, becomes an access point to engage visitors in the past, present, and future legacies of land use

Testing the Limits of Academic Freedom: Controversial Art on College Campuses

In recent months, the principle of academic freedom has made headlines. From legislative attempts to exercise control of campus activities to the passionate response to Ward Churchill\u27s comments about victims of 9111, efforts to limit the free exchange of ideas appear with increasing regularity. This article reviews the confrontation between controversial art and academic freedom on the campuses of Wichita State, Washburn, and Indiana University within the past three years

World Rattler

i want to shake the world make its four billion Beans pound Their heads together until the rattle so prevails that what was once quo is no longer status..

Unequal Access: Women Lawyers in a Changing America

A Review of Unequal Access: Women Lawyers in a Changing America by Ronald Cheste

What do Students Need to Know? How About the Idea of Progress ?

Studying Archeology needs an understanding of the idea of progress. The concept of progress was popular in the 1920s, and it was not for Archeology alone, but it became a new intellectual understanding of the world. �The idea of progress is one of the fundamental notions grappled by civilizations with a historical sense�. �Does this change in the use of metals equal development?,� reminds us to the Xuanyuan era where stone was used to make weapon, whereas jade in the time of Huangdi, and bronze in the time of Yu. This shows that Archeology is related to history and some social institutions, besides applying biochemical analysis to an artifact. As an example of a multi disciplinary archeological research was found in the hypothesis of Why the West rules � for now, by Ian Morris, 2010, which states that the Mediterranean region has the most advanced economic achievement compared to the other regions. The conclusion of which was drawn from analysis of shipwrecks in the Mediterranean ocean and the level of lead in the soil. The concept of progress in this case was the implication of a synthesis contributed from the perspective of several disciplines, or consilience. Thus, the artifacts of the past should be interpreted contextually, and so were the present materials. The values of which will have never been lesser or better in the light of progress