Avaliação da função de macrófagos alveolares em cavalos clinicamente sadios Evaluation of alveolar macrophage function in healthy horses

Devido à importância dos macrófagos alveolares (MA) nos mecanismos de defesa pulmonar, foram realizados estudos para avaliar a atividade desses fagócitos em cavalos hígidos. Foram realizados lavados broncoalveolares (LBA) em cinco cavalos clinicamente sadios. A citologia foi realizada pela citocentrifugação das amostras e posterior confecção de lâminas coradas pelo método de Rosenfeld. Todas as amostras do LBA foram centrifugadas e a concentração celular foi ajustada para 2×10(6) células/ml, para a mensuração da atividade macrofágica (testes de espraiamento, fagocitose e liberação de peróxido de hidrogênio). A contagem diferencial das células presentes no LBA demonstrou a predominância de macrófagos (59,0&plusmn; 6,9%). Os resultados obtidos nos testes de mensuração da atividade macrofágica foram: índice de espraiamento 25,1&plusmn; 19,7%, índice de fagocitose 89,4&plusmn; 6,2% e liberação de peróxido de hidrogênio 1,6&plusmn; 0,3nmoles/2×10(5) células (sem PMA - phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) e 1,8&plusmn; 0,4nmoles/2×10(5) células (com PMA). Os resultados demonstraram um padrão de atividade para MA de cavalos hígidos, os quais apresentaram índices de ativação mesmo sem elicitação prévia, indicando que as técnicas utilizadas foram adequadas para tal propósito.<br>Due to the importance of alveolar macrophages (AM) in pulmonary defense mechanisms, studies were performed in order to evaluate the activity of these cells. Bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) were obtained from five healthy horses, and cytology was performed on glass slides after cytocentrifugation of the samples. Slides were stained by Rosenfeld. All BAL samples were centrifuged and cell concentration was adjusted to 2×10(6) cells/ml, for the measurement of AM activity (spreading, phagocytosis and hydrogen peroxide release tests). Differential counting of the BAL cells demonstrated that macrophages were the predominant type of cell (59.0&plusmn; 6.9%). Measurement of AM activity presented the following results: spreading rate, 25.1&plusmn; 19.7%, phagocytosis rate, 89.4&plusmn; 6.2% and hydrogen peroxide release, 1.6&plusmn; 0.3nmoles/2×10(5) cells (without PMA- phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) and 1.8&plusmn; 0.4nmoles/2×10(5) cells (with PMA). Results presented a pattern for the activity of AM in healthy horses enabling the demonstration of an activation rate even without known previous eliciting factors. These results indicate that the tests of macrophage activity measurement are adequate for evaluation of phagocytic activity of AMs

The Snowmass Points and Slopes: benchmarks for SUSY searches

The ``Snowmass Points and Slopes'' (SPS) are a set of benchmark points and parameter lines in the MSSM parameter space corresponding to different scenarios in the search for Supersymmetry at present and future experiments. This set of benchmarks was agreed upon at the 2001 ``Snowmass Workshop on the Future of Particle Physics'' as a consensus based on different existing proposals.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure

The role of polarized positrons and electrons in revealing fundamental interactions at the Linear Collider

The proposed International Linear Collider (ILC) is well-suited for discovering physics beyond the Standard Model and for precisely unraveling the structure of the underlying physics. The physics return can be maximized by the use of polarized beams. This report shows the paramount role of polarized beams and summarizes the benefits obtained from polarizing the positron beam, as well as the electron beam. The physics case for this option is illustrated explicitly by analyzing reference reactions in different physics scenarios. The results show that positron polarization, combined with the clean experimental environment provided by the linear collider, allows to improve strongly the potential of searches for new particles and the identification of their dynamics, which opens the road to resolve shortcomings of the Standard Model. The report also presents an overview of possible designs for polarizing both beams at the ILC, as well as for measuring their polarization