<原著>中高年の保健行動を予測する認知的側面に関する研究 : 身体自己効力とHealth Locus of Controlの調査

本研究の目的は, 中高年の保健行動の予測因子とされている身体自己効力(PSE)とHealth Locus of Control(HLC)について調査し, 我が国の基礎データを提供することにある。三原市在住の女性361名(平均年齢57.4±12.0歳)を対象に, Ryckmanらの身体自己効力尺度と渡辺のHealth Locus of Control尺度を用いて行った.その結果, (1)PSEおよびHLCスコアは年齢と相関しなかったが, 40・50歳代に高かった, (2)30歳代のPSEおよびHLCスコアは60・70歳代と差がなかった, (3)PSEスコアと健康度自己評価, ライフスタイルとの関連, HLCスコアと健康度自己評価との関連が認められた。今後, 性差についても検討が必要である。The purpose of this survey is to present the basic data for the Perceived Physical Self-Efficacy (PSE) and Health Locus of Control (HLC) in the middle and old aged people in Japan. The subjects were 361 female residents (mean age 57.4 ± 12.0) in Mihara-city. Ryckman's Perceived Physical Self-Efficacy scale and Watanabe's Health Locus of Control scale were used. The results were summarized as follows : 1) PSE and HLC scores did not correlate with age, but those in their 40's and 50's had higher scores ; 2) there were no significant differences in PSE and HLC scores of those in their 30's versus those in their 60's and 70's ; 3) PSE scores were related to perceived self-rated health and lifestyle scores ; 4) HLC scores were related to self-rated health. A survey about sex difference for PSE and HLC will be necessary in the future.国立情報学研究所で電子

Meaningful public engagement in the context of open science: reflections of early and mid-career academics

How is public engagement perceived to contribute to open science? This commentary highlights common reflections on this question from interviews with 12 public engagement fellows in Utrecht University’s Open Science Programme in the Netherlands. We identify four reasons why public engagement is an essential enabler of open science. Interaction between academics and society can: (1) better align science with the needs of society; (2) secure a relationship of trust between science and society; (3) increase the quality and impact of science; and (4) support the impact of open access and FAIR data practices (data which meet principles of findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability). To be successful and sustainable, such public engagement requires support in skills training and a form of institutionalisation in a university-wide system, but, most of all, the fellows express the importance of a formal and informal recognition and rewards system. Our findings suggest that in order to make public engagement an integral part of open science, universities should invest in institutional support, create awareness, and stimulate dialogue among staff members on how to ‘do’ good public engagement