Optimization, Bioactivity and Composition of Curcama aromatica Salisb. Extraction Oils Extracted by Microwave-assisted and Hydro-distillation

Curcama aromatica Salisb. (C.aromatica) rhizomes were extracted by hydro-distillation (HD) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The response surface method (RSM) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were carried out to optimize the statistical data of MAE. The extraction oils (Eos) were analyzed by the compositions by GC/MS and were compared to the antioxidant activity, total phenolic contents (TPC), and total flavonoid contents (TFC). The highest yields (dry weight basis) of HD and MAE were 1.96% and 2.22% (w/w) respectively. From the optimization result, the highest yield for MAE was 2.33% at 795 W power, time 44 mins, and a solid/liquid ratio of 100 g/583 ml. The compositions detected from HD and MAE were 41 and 45 contents respectively. Cedrene and copaene were the major compositions, detected in the extraction oils. Cedrene was detected in HD (25.54%) and MAE (23.69%). Copaene was detected in HD (22.97%) and MAE (24.71 %). MAE presented DPPH (%inhibition) at 82.68 ± 0.31 %, TPC at 4227.62 ± 28.72 (mgGAE/g Dry weight), and TFC at 3.92 ± 28.72 (mgRE/g Dry weight) higher than HD. The extraction oils obtained in this study contained many potential compositions, and MAE was an effective method to extract the essential oil from C.aromatica.Keywords: Cedrene; copaene; response surface method; isolation oil; antioxidan

Synthesis of (+/-)epipentenomycin I and III

A synthesis of (±) epipentenomycin I and III is reported from a regioselective epoxidation of racemic 3-hydroxy- and 3-acetoxy-2-methylene-4-cyclopentenone, respectively, with dimethyldioxirane followed by hydrolytic ring-opening of the resulting epoxide

Microwave-Assisted Isolation of Essential oil of Cinnamomum iners Reinw. ex Bl.: Comparison with Conventional Hydrodistillation

Microwave-assistedhydrodistillation was used to isolate an essential oil from the leaves of Cinnamomuminers Reinw. ex Bl., and the results compared with those obtained by conventional hydrodistillation. The composition of the oil from both methods was found to be similar, and (-)-linalool was found as the main component (30-50 %). The antioxidant activity of the essential oil obtained by both methods was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and lipid peroxidation methods, all of which indicated the same but insignificant activity

Facile Microwave-assisted Synthesis of 9,10-Dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11-carboxylic acid Methyl Ester

A facile, high yielding synthesis of 9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethano- anthracene-11- carboxylic acid methyl ester using a modified commercial domestic microwave oven is reported

Synthesis of spirocyclopente-dione anthracene adduct, precursor of the cyclopentenone prostagladins via ring-closing metathesis reaction

A synthesis of the spirocyclopente-dione anthracene adduct, a precursor of the cyclopentenone prostaglandins has been reported. The synthesis involved a Diels-Alder reaction of anthracene and dimethyl fumarate to afford 3 followed by reduction, oxidation and esterification reactions to provide methyl ester anthracene adduct 8, which further converted to the the allylic alcohol (12). Then, Ring-Closing Metathesis (RCM) reaction afforded the cyclopentenol anthracene adduct, which after oxidation provided the spirocyclopente-dione anthracene adduct in good yields

Synthesis of 3-indolylacetamide derivatives and evaluation of their plant growth regulator activity

Some 3-indolyl acetamide derivatives were synthesised via the coupling of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) with aminobenzene derivatives and were screened for their plant growth regulator activities on rice seedling. The results show that some of the compounds synthesised possess considerable growth promoting activities in the concentration range of 1.7-0.17 ppm compared to IAA

Synthesis of Spirocyclopente-Dione Anthracene Adduct, Precursor of the Cyclopentenone Prostagladins Via Ring-Closing Metathesis Reaction

Abstract: A synthesis of the spirocyclopente-dione anthracene adduct, a precursor of the cyclopentenone prostaglandins has been reported. The synthesis involved a Diels-Alder reaction of anthracene and dimethyl fumarate to afford 3 followed by reduction, oxidation and esterification reactions to provide methyl ester anthracene adduct 8, which further converted to the the allylic alcohol (12). Then, Ring-Closing Metathesis (RCM) reaction afforded the cyclopentenol anthracene adduct, which after oxidation provided the spirocyclopente-dione anthracene adduct in good yields

Stereoselective synthesis of α-methylenecyclopentenones via a Diels-Alder/retro-Diels-Alder protocol

A new procedure for the stereoselective synthesis of cross-conjugated dienones is reported. This method makes use of the Diels–Alder adduct of anthracene and dimethyl fumarate, a precursor to a spirocyclopent-2-enone anthracene adduct as the key intermediate. The addition of propyllithium or octyllithium to the key intermediate followed by a retro-Diels–Alder reaction furnished α-methylenecyclopentenones bearing a γ-propyl or γ-octyl side chain, respectively, in moderate yields and as single geometric isomers

Dechlorophyllation by Electrocoagulation

Electrocoagulation was used for dechlorophyllation of alcoholic extracts from five plants. The results showed that for every plant extract studied, electrocoagulation was more efficient than the classical solvent extraction method in removing plant pigments, while not affecting the important secondary metabolites in those extracts

Studies of stereo-selective cyclo-additions and transformations of substituted 2-cyclopenten-1-one with chiral anthracene templates

The chiral (S)-9-(1-methoxyethyl), (R)-9-(1,2-dimethoxyethyl) and 9-(1R, 2R)-(1,2-dimethoxypropyl) anthracenes were synthesised and used for the thermal Diels-Alder reaction with cyclopentene-3,5-dione. Unlike the maleic anhydride and N-substituted malemides, the cyclo-adducts were obtained with high regio-selectivity as a single diastereomer. The X-ray structure of the cyclo-adduct showed an enol form but the 13C NMR showed resonances for two cyclopentanone carbonyl groups suggesting the solution structure is in the diketone form. Stereo-controlled studies using organomagnesium additions to the carbonyl groups resulted in hydrolytic cleavage of the enol ether and elimination of water to give β-alkylketone anthracene adducts. These were unsuccessful in preparing chiral cyclopentenone core structures