Adaptive power flow control for reducing peak demand and maximizing renewable energy usage

The increase in penetration of renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind, and high peak load demand can cause grid network security issues. The incorporation of demand side management and energy storage devices can provide a solution to these problems. This paper presents a proposed adaptive power flow control (APFC) strategy which reduces peak grid demand, increases self-consumption of renewable energy and also reduce the imbalance energy between demand and supply. The APFC aims to directly control high power consumption appliances and the charge/discharge of a community battery storage using measurement of the instantaneous power demands of the community. Historical data records of the community daily energy consumption, the available renewable energy and the imbalance energy are taken into account to manage the loads and battery storage. Simulation results show for a community of one hundred houses, with 114 kWp of PV arrays, and a 350kWh battery system that the percentage of the average peak power demand reduction over the year is 35%, while the PV energy self-consumption increases by 64%. This can produce an annual energy cost saving of up to £2300 when compared to the same community with only PV

Community power flow control for peak demand reduction and energy cost savings

The increase in penetration of renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind, and high peak load demand can cause grid network security issues. The incorporation of demand side management and energy storage devices can provide a solution to these problems. This paper presents a community power flow control (PFC) strategy which reduces peak grid demand, and increases self-consumption of renewable energy which produces energy cost savings in smart communities with grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. The PFC aims to directly control high power consumption appliances and the charge/discharge of a community battery storage using measurement of the instantaneous power demands of the community. Historical data records of the community daily energy consumption and the available renewable energy are taken into account to manage the loads and battery storage. Simulation results show for a community of one hundred houses, with 114 kWp of PV arrays, and a 350kWh battery system that the percentage of the average peak power demand reduction over the year is 32%,whilethePV energy self-consumption increases by73%. This can produce an annual energy cost saving of up to £1100 when compared to the same community with only PV

The Development of Stem Education on Multimedia Applications for Presentations for Vocational Certificate

This paper reports on research that aimed (1) to plan a STEM class for Multimedia Applications for Presentations, a subject for vocational students in the Business and Computing Program of Chetupon Vocational School; (2) to compare students’ achievements within the STEM class with those of a traditional class, and (3) to study the satisfaction of students with the STEM class. Thirty-eight first year vocational students were chosen to participate in this experiment using the cluster random sampling technique. The research tools used consisted of lesson plans, a STEM course quality evaluation form, a student satisfaction evaluation form. an assignment evaluation form, and a learning achievement evaluation form. This study found that: (1) the quality of the teaching plan in the STEM course was very good (M= 4.66, with an efficiency of 80.03/81.94; (2) the vocational students who participated in the STEM class achieved higher results than the students in traditional class with statistical significance at the 0.05 level; and, (3) the students’ satisfaction with the learning activities in the STEM course was high (M = 4.46)

Performance Assessment of an Energy Management System for a Home Microgrid with PV Generation

Home energy management systems (HEMS) are a key technology for managing future electricity distribution systems as they can shift household electricity usage away from peak consumption times and can reduce the amount of local generation penetrating into the wider distribution system. In doing this they can also provide significant cost savings to domestic electricity users. This paper studies a HEMS which minimizes the daily energy costs, reduces energy lost to the utility, and improves photovoltaic (PV) self-consumption by controlling a home battery storage system (HBSS). The study assesses factors such as the overnight charging level, forecasting uncertainty, control sample time and tariff policy. Two management strategies have been used to control the HBSS; (1) a HEMS based on a real-time controller (RTC) and (2) a HEMS based on a model predictive controller (MPC). Several methods have been developed for home demand energy forecasting and PV generation forecasting and their impact on the HEMS is assessed. The influence of changing the battery’s capacity and the PV system size on the energy costs and the lost energy are also evaluated. A significant reduction in energy costs and energy lost to the utility can be achieved by combining a suitable overnight charging level, an appropriate sample time, and an accurate forecasting tool. The HEMS has been implemented on an experimental house emulation system to demonstrate it can operate in real-time

A hierarchical two-stage energy management for a home microgrid using model predictive and real-time controllers

This paper presents a hierarchical two-layer home energy management system to reduce daily household energy costs and maximize photovoltaic self-consumption. The upper layer comprises a model predictive controller which optimizes household energy usage using a mixed-integer linear programming optimization; the lower layer comprises a rule-based real-time controller, to determine the optimal power settings of the home battery storage system. The optimization process also includes load shifting and battery degradation costs. The upper layer determines the operating schedule for shiftable domestic appliances and the profile for energy storage for the next 24 h. This profile is then passed to the lower energy management layer, which compensates for the effects of forecast uncertainties and sample time resolution. The effectiveness of the proposed home energy management system is demonstrated by comparing its performance with a single-layer management system. For the same battery size, using the hierarchical two-layer home energy management system can achieve annual household energy payment reduction of 27.8% and photovoltaic self-consumption of 91.1% compared to using a single layer home energy management system. The results show the capability of the hierarchical home energy management system to reduce household utility bills and maximize photovoltaic self-consumption. Experimental studies on a laboratory-based house emulation rig demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed home energy management system

Community power flow control for peak demand reduction and energy cost savings

The increase in penetration of renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind, and high peak load demand can cause grid network security issues. The incorporation of demand side management and energy storage devices can provide a solution to these problems. This paper presents a community power flow control (PFC) strategy which reduces peak grid demand, and increases self-consumption of renewable energy which produces energy cost savings in smart communities with grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. The PFC aims to directly control high power consumption appliances and the charge/discharge of a community battery storage using measurement of the instantaneous power demands of the community. Historical data records of the community daily energy consumption and the available renewable energy are taken into account to manage the loads and battery storage. Simulation results show for a community of one hundred houses, with 114 kWp of PV arrays, and a 350kWh battery system that the percentage of the average peak power demand reduction over the year is 32%,whilethePV energy self-consumption increases by73%. This can produce an annual energy cost saving of up to £1100 when compared to the same community with only PV

Techno-economic and environmental analysis of community energy management for peak shaving

Energy storage (ES) is seen as the key to unlocking the true potential of renewable generation as it potentially supports their integration into the grid by providing capability for services such balancing and frequency regulation. It also has the potential to reduce peak power demand reduction (a form of arbitrage) and this service will be important for distribution companies as it frees capacity on the grid. The first part of this study presents an energy management strategy (EMS) that reduces the peak power drawn from the grid by a community of 60 homes using ES and local generation (in this case photovoltaic panels (PVs)). The EMS is tested on hundreds of cases and shows an average yearly peak reduction of around 30% in the best cases. The second part of the paper tests the economic viability and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions of the cases explored and shows that trade-offs exist between electricity supply costs, peak power reduction, and life cycle GHG reductions. PV generation provides a significant reduction in GHG emissions but makes little contribution to reducing peak demand from the grid. In contrast, community energy storage (in batteries) is effective at reducing peak demand, but at significant additional costs, and may result in a modest increase in GHG emissions due to emissions associated with battery manufacture and roundtrip efficiency. Future cost projections for 2040 for PV and battery, together with longer a battery cycle life, show that considerable reductions in the cost of community electricity generation and storage can be made to encourage the management of peak grid demand

Flavonoids and Other Phenolic Compounds from Medicinal Plants for Pharmaceutical and Medical Aspects: An Overview

Phenolic compounds as well as flavonoids are well-known as antioxidant and many other important bioactive agents that have long been interested due to their benefits for human health, curing and preventing many diseases. This review attempts to demonstrate an overview of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds as the interesting alternative sources for pharmaceutical and medicinal applications. The examples of these phytochemicals from several medicinal plants are also illustrated, and their potential applications in pharmaceutical and medical aspects, especially for health promoting e.g., antioxidant effects, antibacterial effect, anti-cancer effect, cardioprotective effects, immune system promoting and anti-inflammatory effects, skin protective effect from UV radiation and so forth are highlighted