Conversations with a Dead Man: The Legacy of Duncan Campbell Scott by Mark Abley

This review explores Mark Abley\u27s book on the legacy of Duncan Campbell Scott, the poet/bureaucrat responsible for the development and implementation of Canada\u27s failed residential schools policy for indigenous children. The book places Scott in the context of his time while examining the results of his agency\u27s policies

Constitutional Protection for Non-Media Defendants: Should There Be a Distinction Between You and Larry King?

This Comment considers the current law, contemplates the rapid growth of technology and proposes an answer to the following two questions: Should there be a distinction between media and nonmedia defendants? If so, who should be offered more protection: You or Larry King? To answer these questions, Part I summarizes traditional and current defamation law and the First Amendment protections that have been meted out by the courts. Part II discusses the court decisions that have noted whether a distinction between media and nonmedia defendants is meritorious and critiques those conclusions in light of the development of defamation law. Part III addresses the evolution of the media by comparing early defamation actions with the current circumstances facing American society, where newspapers are fading away and the internet is on the rise. Additionally, this subsection explains the necessity of defining the word media, and theorizes how the courts might do so in light of the rapid growth of technology. Finally, Part IV contemplates whether there should be a distinction between media and nonmedia defendants, explains the benefits and downfalls of each approach, and predicts what may happen in the future given that the ability to communicate defamatory statements now takes mere seconds and has a potentially globalized effect

Constitutional Protection for Non-Media Defendants: Should There Be a Distinction Between You and Larry King?

This Comment considers the current law, contemplates the rapid growth of technology and proposes an answer to the following two questions: Should there be a distinction between media and nonmedia defendants? If so, who should be offered more protection: You or Larry King? To answer these questions, Part I summarizes traditional and current defamation law and the First Amendment protections that have been meted out by the courts. Part II discusses the court decisions that have noted whether a distinction between media and nonmedia defendants is meritorious and critiques those conclusions in light of the development of defamation law. Part III addresses the evolution of the media by comparing early defamation actions with the current circumstances facing American society, where newspapers are fading away and the internet is on the rise. Additionally, this subsection explains the necessity of defining the word media, and theorizes how the courts might do so in light of the rapid growth of technology. Finally, Part IV contemplates whether there should be a distinction between media and nonmedia defendants, explains the benefits and downfalls of each approach, and predicts what may happen in the future given that the ability to communicate defamatory statements now takes mere seconds and has a potentially globalized effect

Chondroitin sulphate : a candidate modulator of urothelial barrier formation and reconstitution following injury

Chondroitin sulphate (CS) has been described as contributing to the barrier function of the urothelium by forming a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer. It has been suggested that a defect in this layer contributes to chronic inflammatory uropathies, and this forms the basis of medical device therapies purported to replace the GAG layer. A review of the literature questioned the evidence supporting these claims. This thesis set out to formulate a reproducible damage model using differentiated normal human urothelial (NHU) cells in vitro. Techniques employed to introduce damage included physical damage by scratch wounding, chemical damage using ketamine and hypoxia. Barrier formation and damage was assessed by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) across differentiated cells. The role of CS on barrier formation and restitution following injury was assessed by TEER studies. Assessment of the presence of CS on the luminal surface of the urothelium in situ was carried out by immunohistochemistry. Damage by scratch wound resulted in a loss of TEER that repaired within 22 hours. Ketamine had a toxic effect on the cell cultures. Hypoxia produced a reproducible defect in barrier resistance. Cell cultures exposed to CS during differentiation formed a tighter maximum barrier compared to controls however, when CS was added to the medium following hypoxic injury there was no difference to barrier restitution. Immunohistochemical studies failed to demonstrate the presence of CS apart from in the stroma. It is concluded that CS is not present on the urothelial surface and has no effect on barrier function in the diseased model. In a NHU culture model there is evidence that the maximum barrier is higher with CS. Evidence from this research supports clinical studies which have only demonstrated a placebo effect of CS. Future work should investigate mode of action of CS and other GAGs on NHU cells in culture

John Mackey: the composer, his compositional style and a conductor\u27s analysis of Redline Tango and Turbine

The purpose of this monograph is to present the first formal analysis of John Mackey and his music. Through substantive firsthand interaction with the composer, this document details Mackey’s unique compositional development through computer-based learning and includes a conductor’s analysis of Redline Tango and Turbine. Mackey’s compositional style includes simplistic forms using melodies and harmonies that do not readily demonstrate the difficulties conductors and performers may find within his well-crafted compositions. Mackey’s work emphasizes the element of rhythm and his orchestration typically utilizes the conventional instrumentation for wind ensemble with prominence placed on percussion. Redline Tango has been awarded two significant band awards and has received international performances. Turbine is unique in comparison to Mackey’s earlier works, relying even less on melodic material and more on rhythmic complexity for its content, establishing it as Mackey’s most rhythmically complicated band work to date. A distinctive characteristic of Turbine is Mackey’s percussion scoring, which includes the use of non-traditional percussion instruments and may cause conductors to consider alternative score preparation and rehearsal techniques. Both Redline Tango and Turbine display balance in form between repetition and contrast, consistency and originality in style, a creative design that exhibits craftsmanship and unique rhythmic vitality. Although technically demanding, conductors and performers should find rehearsals and performances of both pieces to be enjoyable. To be assured, audiences continue to be captivated by Mackey’s distinctive compositional style, unique rhythmic creativity and imaginative percussion scoring

Effects of Prenatal Testosterone on Metabolic Dysfunction in Female Sheep

Excess androgen exposure during fetal life in the ewe permanently alters the number of agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons and their projections, suggesting a possible mechanism by which prenatal testosterone may contribute to insulin resistance and an increased risk of obesity in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Using immunocytochemistry, we found a decrease of insulin receptors colocalized with AgRP in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus in prenatal testosterone treated sheep, but no changes in colocalization with proopiomelanocortin (POMC). In addition, characterization of leptin-induced phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3), a marker of leptin signalling, was mapped in the hypothalamus and preoptic area of control sheep. We found that pSTAT3 colocalizes with POMC-ir neurons, minimally with kisspeptin, and is not co-expressed with GnRH. Overall, these results may lay the foundation for manipulation studies that will attempt to help address the metabolic and reproductive deficits seen in women with PCOS