Rose diagrams of the frequency of points plotted along individual meridians for Goldmann and Octopus perimetry for children aged 5–6 years compared to 12–15 years.

<p>A larger area indicates a meridian with a larger number of plotted points. <i>*The empty sectors at 0° for Goldmann perimetry isopters III4e and I4e correspond to the ‘void’ area in the perimeter bowl</i>.</p

Inclusion/exclusion criteria for participants.

<p>Inclusion/exclusion criteria for participants.</p

Proportion of EBAR (test quality) ratings per perimeter, by age groups.

<p>Proportion of EBAR (test quality) ratings per perimeter, by age groups.</p

Association of all hypermetropia and hypermetropia (low or moderate/high), by key socio-demographic factors.

<p>* No qualifications, State school examinations at 16 years of age (‘O’ levels), at 18 years (‘A’ levels) or University/other professional qualification</p><p>⁺: Number of eyes;</p><p>⁺⁺ model adjusted for eye laterality, gender, age (continuous), educational qualification, accommodation tenure, ethnicity and test centre.</p><p>Association of all hypermetropia and hypermetropia (low or moderate/high), by key socio-demographic factors.</p

Distribution of refractive errors by key socio-demographic factors.

<p>* No qualifications, State school examinations at 16 years of age (‘O’ levels), at 18 years (‘A’ levels) or University/other professional qualification</p><p>Missing data: educational qualification: 1,466 (1.4%), accommodation tenure: 2,102 (2.0%), ethnicity: 779 (0.7%)</p><p>Distribution of refractive errors by key socio-demographic factors.</p

Frequency of refractive errors by 5-year age band and gender.

<p>Frequency of refractive errors by 5-year age band and gender.</p

Association of all myopia and myopia (low, moderate or high), by key socio-demographic factors.

<p>* No qualifications, State school examinations at 16 years of age (‘O’ levels), at 18 years (‘A’ levels) or University/other professional qualification</p><p>⁺: Number of eyes;</p><p>⁺⁺ model adjusted for eye laterality, gender, age (continuous), educational qualification, accommodation tenure, ethnicity and test centre.</p><p>Association of all myopia and myopia (low, moderate or high), by key socio-demographic factors.</p

Demographic, socio-economic and other factors.

<p>Demographic, socio-economic and other factors.</p

Frequency of all myopia and all hypermetropia by age, gender and ethnicity.

<p>Frequency of all myopia and all hypermetropia by age, gender and ethnicity.</p

Results of the hyperopia analyses in the regions that were significantly associated with myopia age at onset by Kiefer <i>et al.</i>[18] showing meta-analysis association results for each chosen SNP.

<p>1. SNPs which are either genome-wide significant or meet our replication threshold are highlighted in bold text. Allele frequencies for these SNPs in each of our discovery populations can be found in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0107110#pone.0107110.s018" target="_blank">Table S8</a>.</p><p>2. For each SNP reported by Kiefer <i>et al. </i>, Replication P value is the P value of that SNP in our analysis. If that SNP was not genotyped or imputed in our data, it is indicated with N/A.</p><p>3. For regions where the most significant SNP in our analysis is not the original reported SNP, that SNP is reported as Best SNP.</p><p>4. Offset is the absolute distance in base pairs to the original SNP and the P value associated with Best SNP.</p><p>5. Z scores and direction of effect for all SNPs are in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0107110#pone.0107110.s012" target="_blank">Table S2</a>.</p><p>6. This column left blank where the original SNP is the most significant SNP in the region.</p><p>7. Nearest Gene(s) indicates the closest gene by physical position for these SNPs.</p><p>Results of the hyperopia analyses in the regions that were significantly associated with myopia age at onset by Kiefer <i>et al.</i><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0107110#pone.0107110-Kiefer1" target="_blank">[18]</a> showing meta-analysis association results for each chosen SNP.</p