Noise-Induced Desynchronization and Stochastic Escape from Equilibrium in Complex Networks

Complex physical systems are unavoidably subjected to external environments not accounted for in the set of differential equations that models them. The resulting perturbations are standardly represented by noise terms. We derive conditions under which such noise terms perturb the dynamics strongly enough that they lead to stochastic escape from the initial basin of attraction of an initial stable equilibrium state of the unperturbed system. Focusing on Kuramoto-like models we find in particular that, quite counterintuitively, systems with inertia leave their initial basin faster than or at the same time as systems without inertia, except for strong white-noise perturbations.Comment: Main text: 5 pages, 4 figures. Supplemental material: 6 pages, 7 figure

Adding memory to pressure-sensitive phosphors

Mechanoluminescence (ML) is the phenomenon describing the emission of light during mechanical action on a solid, leading to applications such as pressure sensing, damage detection and visualization of stress distributions. In most cases, this mechanical action releases energy that was previously stored in the crystal lattice of the phosphor by means of trapped charge carriers. A drawback is the need to record the ML emission during a pressure event. In this work, we provide a method for adding a memory function to these pressure-sensitive phosphors, allowing an optical readout of the location and intensity of a pressure event in excess of 72 h after the event. This is achieved in the BaSi2O2N2:Eu2+ phosphor, where a broad trap depth distribution essential for the process is present. By merging optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), thermoluminescence (TL) and ML measurements, the influence of light, heat and pressure on the trap depth distribution is carefully analysed. This analysis demonstrates that mechanical action can not only lead to direct light emission but also to a reshuffling of trap occupations. This memory effect not only is expected to lead to new pressure sensing applications but also offers an approach to study charge carrier transitions in energy storage phosphors

Giant formation rates of ultracold molecules via Feshbach Optimized Photoassociation

Ultracold molecules offer a broad variety of applications, ranging from metrology to quantum computing. However, forming "real" ultracold molecules, {\it i.e.} in deeply bound levels, is a very difficult proposition. Here, we show how photoassociation in the vicinity of a Feshbach resonance enhance molecular formation rates by several orders of magnitude. We illustrate this effect in heteronuclear systems, and find giant rate coefficients even in deeply bound levels. We also give a simple analytical expression for the photoassociation rates, and discuss future applications of the Feshbach Optimized Photoassociation, or FOPA, technique

The Unequal Effects of Liberalization: Evidence from Dismantling the License Raj in India

This paper investigates whether the effects, on registered manufacturing out- put, employment, entry and investment, of dismantling the .license raja system of central controls regulating entry and production activity in this sector .vary across Indian states with different labor market regulations. The effects are found to be unequal depending on the institutional environment in which industries are embedded. In particular, following de-licensing, industries located in states with pro-employer labor market institutions grew more quickly than those in pro-worker environments. Our results emphasize how local institutions matter for whether industry in a region benefits or is harmed by the nationwide delicensing reform.delicensing, economic development, labour regulation

The Unequal Effects of Liberalization: Evidence fromDismantling the License Raj in India

This paper investigates whether the effects, on registered manufacturing out-put,employment, entry and investment, of dismantling the 'license raj' - a system of centralcontrols regulating entry and production activity in this sector - vary across Indian stateswith different labor market regulations. The effects are found to be unequal depending onthe institutional environment in which industries are embedded. In particular, followingdelicensing, industries located in states with pro-employer labor market institutions grewmore quickly than those in pro-worker environments. Our results emphasize how localinstitutions matter for whether industry in a region benefits or is harmed by thenationwide delicensing reform.

The Unequal Effects of Liberalization: Evidence from Dismantling the License Raj in India

We study the effects of the progressive elimination of the system of industrial regulations on entry and production, known as the "license raj," on registered manufacturing output, employment, entry and investment across Indian states with different labor market regulations. The effects are found to be unequal depending on the institutional environment in which industries are embedded. In particular, following delicensing, industries located in states with pro-employer labor market institutions grew more quickly than those in pro-worker environments.