Baseline characteristics of adherent and non-adherent patients.^*

<p>*Results presented as mean (standard deviation) unless otherwise indicated.</p><p>Adherent patients: continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use ≥4 h/night.</p><p>Non-adherent patients: CPAP refused or abandoned, or CPAP use<4 h/night.</p><p>Significant level for p value: <0.05.</p

Flow diagram of subjects during the study.

<p>Abbreviations: CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure; IRSR, Institut de Recherche en Santé Respiratoire des Pays de la Loire.</p

Stepwise regression analysis of variables influencing CPAP adherence.

<p>Abbreviations: CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; AHI, apnea-hypopnea index;</p><p>CPAP adherence: CPAP use ≥4 h/night.</p><p>Significant level for p value: <0.05.</p><p>Area under the ROC: 0.607.</p

Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of a Novel Series of Indole Sulfonamide Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (PPAR) α/γ/δ Triple Activators: Discovery of Lanifibranor, a New Antifibrotic Clinical Candidate

Here, we describe the identification and synthesis of novel indole sulfonamide derivatives that activate the three peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms. Starting with a PPARα activator, compound <b>4</b>, identified during a high throughput screening (HTS) of our proprietary screening library, a systematic optimization led to the discovery of lanifibranor (IVA337) <b>5</b>, a moderately potent and well balanced pan PPAR agonist with an excellent safety profile. In vitro and in vivo, compound <b>5</b> demonstrated strong activity in models that are relevant to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) pathophysiology suggesting therapeutic potential for NASH patients