Accumulation of SDS in a CHL cell and subsequent cellular death.

<p><b>A</b>. Time-resolved Im[χ⁽³⁾] spectra obtained with the summation over all the spectra in the cell shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0093401#pone-0093401-g003" target="_blank">Fig. 3</a>. Time-profiles of band amplitudes at 2100 cm⁻¹ (<b>B</b>), 2930 cm⁻¹ (<b>C</b>), 2850 cm⁻¹ (<b>D</b>), 1655 cm⁻¹ (<b>E</b>), 1446 cm⁻¹ (<b>F</b>) and 1003 cm⁻¹ (<b>G</b>).</p

SDS molecules are condensed in a CHL cell.

<p><b>A</b>. The molecular structure of d₂₅-SDS. <b>B</b>. Im[χ⁽³⁾] spectrum obtained from one point of a CHL cell indicated as the cross in the inset several minutes after the addition of d₂₅-SDS. <b>C</b>. The expanded spectrum of <b>B</b>. <b>D</b>. Im[χ⁽³⁾] spectrum of 1% d₂₅- SDS aqueous solution. The exposure time for <b>B</b>–<b>D</b> is 50 msec and <b>B</b>–<b>D</b> are measured under the same experimental condition.</p

The concentration dependence of d₂₅-SDS cell lysis efficiency; ++ corresponds to clear cell lysis, +: moderate cell lysis, −: remaining stable.

<p>The concentration dependence of d₂₅-SDS cell lysis efficiency; ++ corresponds to clear cell lysis, +: moderate cell lysis, −: remaining stable.</p

Im[χ⁽³⁾] spectra and images from a CHL cell.

<p>Im[χ⁽³⁾] spectra from the two points of the CHL cell. <b>A</b> and <b>B</b> are obtained from the points indicated as × and + in <b>C</b>, respectively. The inset of each spectrum is the expanded spectrum in the fingerprint region. The exposure time is 50 msec. Im[χ⁽³⁾] images at 2930 cm⁻¹ (<b>C</b>), 2850 cm⁻¹ (<b>D</b>), 2655 cm⁻¹ (<b>E</b>), 2446 cm⁻¹ (<b>F</b>) and 1003 cm⁻¹ (<b>G</b>), respectively. The scale bar in the image is 10 µm. The image consists of 91×81 pixels and the exposure time for each pixel is 50 msec. Each image is normalized at the intensity maximal of each band.</p

Time-resolved Im[χ⁽³⁾] images of the CHL cell with the surfactant.

<p>The scale bar in the image is 10 µm. The image consists of 71×51 pixels and the exposure time for each pixel is 50 msec. Each row of the CARS images is measured every 3.5 min. Each column is normalized at the intensity maximal of each band.</p

Nocodazole lowers the surfactant uptake rate of a CHL cell.

<p><b>A</b>. Time-resolved Im[χ⁽³⁾] spectra obtained with the summation over all the spectra in the cell shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0093401#pone-0093401-g005" target="_blank">Fig. 5</a>. <b>B</b>. Time-profiles of band amplitudes at 2100 cm⁻¹ (circle, left axis) and 1003 cm⁻¹ (cross, right axis).</p