Métier et identité à l’épreuve de l’histoire : aspects méthodologiques d’histoire comparée de trois entreprises au cœur de la Révolution française

Philippe Colombet et Bertrand Badré proposent une méthodologie pour l’historien d’entreprise qui tient en trois points : 1. comparer des histoires d’entreprises plutôt que développer une monographie. 2. définir une période qui soit commune aux entreprises concernées et qui présente les caractéristiques d’un laboratoire d’étude en grandeur réelle. 3. l’étude comparée de la gestion de la Manufacture royale des glaces de Saint-Gobain, la société De Dietrich et la Manufacture des Toiles de Jouy (Oberkampf) sur la période 1789-1799. Il est démontré dans l’article que l’approche comparée dans la démarche historique permet de mettre en évidence les tendances fondamentales a fortiori quand l’accent est mis sur une période aussi particulière. Les auteurs concluent sur les dimensions historiques des concepts de métier et d’identité de l’entreprise testés, pour ces trois grandes entreprises, à travers ce laboratoire en grandeur nature qu’offrent dix années de Révolution française.Phillippe Colombet and Bertrand Badré propose a three-point methodology for the business historian : 1. compare the historiés of businesses rather than develop a monograph ; 2. define a period that the businesses have in common and which possess the characteristics of a life-size study laboratory ; 3. analyse the past through the filter of contemporary readings. The object of their research is a comparative study of the management at the Manufacture Royale des Glaces de Saint Gobain (Saint Gobain Royal Glassworks), the De Dietrich company and the Manufacture des Toiles de Jouy (Oberkampf) (Jouy Canvasmakers) over the period 1789 – 1799. It is shown in the article that the comparative approach in a historical study allows fundamental tendencies to be highlighted especially when the emphasis is placed on such a particular period. The authors conclude with the historié dimensions of the concept of trade and company identity, examined, as far as thèse three firms are concerned, in the life size laboratory constituted by ten years of French Révolution 

Design, Manufacturing and Integration of LHC Cryostat Components: an Example of Collaboration between CERN and Industry

The components for the LHC cryostats and interconnections are supplied by European industry. The manufacturing, assembly and testing of these components in accordance with CERN technical specifications require a close collaboration and dedicated approach from the suppliers. This paper presents the different phases of design, manufacturing, testing and integration of four LHC cryostat components supplied by RIAL Vacuum (Parma, Italy), including 112 Insulation Vacuum Barriers (IVB), 482 Cold-mass Extension Tubes (CET), 121 cryostat vacuum vessel Jumper Elbows (JE) and 10800 Interconnection Sleeves (IS). The Quality Assurance Plan, which the four projects have in common, is outlined. The components are all leak-tight thin stainless steel assemblies (<10-8 mbar l/s), most of them operating at cryogenic temperature (2 K), however each having specific requirements. The particularities of each component are presented with respect to manufacturing, assembly and testing. These components are being integrated at CERN into the LHC cryostats and interconnections, thus validating the design and production quality. The major difficulties and improvements are discussed

La place de la levure de riz rouge dans le traitement des hypercholesterolémies

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Pharmacie (130552105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Suspensory Fixation Device for Use With Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Grafts

Good to excellent results at long-term follow-up have been published for bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) graft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Fixation using screws historically has been the most common choice for femoral and tibial bone blocks, but screws present several disadvantages, which include the risk of blowout (for which prevention implies having to shift the position of the tunnel anteriorly), as well as lesions of the bone blocks and tendons. This article describes a technique using Pullup BTB adjustable–loop length suspensory fixation (SBM, Lourdes, France) on the femoral and tibial sides. The graft is harvested and prepared classically. This device combines the advantages of suspensory fixation (precise position of the tunnel, high tensile strength), with the advantages of the adjustable loop (control of bone block position within the femoral tunnel, possibility of retightening the graft) and allows for double passage of the loop through each bone block for increased safety. So, it could represent an interesting and secure option for anatomic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament when a BTB graft is chosen

The capsular line reference, a new arthroscopic reference for posterior/anterior femoral tunnel positioning in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Abstract Background Femoral malposition is the first cause for graft rupture during ACL reconstruction. Arthroscopic landmarks can be difficult to identify. So, landmark has to be found for reliable tunnel placement. A proximal-distal reference was described as “Apex reference” reported by Hart et al. but no posterior/anterior reference exists in the literature. The purpose of this study was to do a 3D CT-scan assessment of the femoral tunnel positioning using the Capsular Line Reference (CLR) as a landmark for posterior/anterior placement in ACL reconstruction. We hypothesized the CLR could provide a precise and reliable antero/posterior femoral tunnel positioning less than 2 mm from the Bernard & Hertel posterior quarter. Methods Seven cadaveric knee specimens with a mean age of 79.2 ± 11 years were used. Using standard approaches, the CLR was identified corresponding to a white line (the capsule) appearing at the posterior border of the femoral condyle after bony debridement of the medial and posterior part of the lateral femoral condyle. The center of the tunnel was marked. An inside-out technique with anteromedial drilling technique was performed using an 8-mm diameter reamer. The distal femurs were sawed and a CT-scan was done for each specimen to obtain 3-dimensional image reconstructions. These 3D reconstructions were analyzed to measure the position tunnel center on the posterior/anterior axis and the distance from the posterior/anterior quadrant according to the Bernard & Hertel method. Results The mean position for the posterior/anterior axis was 27.0 ± 1.8% (25–28.9) with a median of 26.9%. The position from the first quarter of the Bernard & Hertel method was 0.9 ± 0.8 mm (0–1.8) with a median of 0.8 mm. Conclusion The CLR is a reliable and reproducible arthroscopic landmark to place the femoral tunnel for ACL reconstruction in the anterior/posterior axis. Proximal/distal position depends on the choice of the surgeon to reproduce anteromedial or posterolateral fibers

Combined Anterior Cruciate Ligament Primary Repair With an Autograft Reconstruction

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using an autograft gives good results that could provide improved failure rates. ACL augmentation saving the remnant has demonstrated advantages, such as saving vascular supply and nerve receptors, which could be useful for healing. Conversely, isolated repair techniques are gaining interest but do not give good results because structural augmentation is necessary to reinforce the repair and expect healing. We describe a technique combining the advantages of both techniques with an autograft using the semitendinosus and repair of the remnant. This combined technique allows protection and redirection of the remnant, improves graft incorporation, and covers more graft by suturing the remnant around an autologous graft

Minimally Invasive Anterior Semitendinosus Harvest: A Technique to Decrease Saphenous Nerve Injury

Hamstring tendon harvest, especially semitendinosus harvest, has been widely used in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction for many years. However, donor site morbidity has been described regarding the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve. Minimally invasive anterior semitendinosus harvest is a simple, safe, reproducible, and elegant technique. A 2-cm vertical incision above the pes anserinus is performed 2 cm medial to the tibial anterior tubercle. The fascia superficialis is opened with a horizontal incision, and the gracilis is isolated using a retractor. The semitendinosus is grabbed with a probe, and the vincula are hooked one by one. The tendon is harvested with a closed stripper. The expansions are cut, and the tendon is detached from the bone with part of the periosteum

Effect of temperature and daylength on phenology for contrasted soybean genotypes grown in Europe

International audienceEuropean Union (EU-28) needs to import about 40 million tons of soybean (seed equivalent.year-1) to feed livestock and population to a lesser extent. Since a few years, soybean production in Europe bas largely încreased but remains still insufficient. In a context of climate change, southem areas tend to face more drought and heat waves while northem ones will benefit from higher temperatures in late season. Three other cropping strategies could be considered to grow soybean under these conditions: early sowing to escape drought, north\vard expansion of the crop, or double cropping. This witl change decply the photoperiod and temperature conditions during the crop season. As soybean is a tropical short-day plant, it is important to understand the temperature-photoperiod interactions on phenology for current genotypes gro\vn in Europe (under long daylengths and contrasted temperatures). For that, a study was conducted in INRA Toulouse (SVl France), combining fine phenotyping on an outdoor platform and in controlled conditions. In 2017, two experiments were carried out using 10 contrasted genotypes from maturity groups 000 to II : 1-A pot experiment on the Heliaphen platform in natural climatic conditions \.vhere germinated plants were transplanted at 6 dates (17-march, 6-april, 16-may, 26-june, 24-july, lst-september). Pots were fully fertilized and irrigated during ail the experiment. Development stages \Vere recorded once or twice a week (BBCH scale). 2- A germination experiment in cold chamber/incubator. 1 OO seeds by genotype were incubated at 10 temperatures (from 4 to 43°C) in Petri dishes on moist paper. The germinating seeds were counted tv-iice a day. Gennination results were used to calculate the base temperature of each genotype (Tb from 4.6 to 6.7°C). This information was essential for the relevant calculation of the onset of each development stage and the duration of phases expressed in growing degree days (GDD). For most stages, ANOVA analysis pointed out a highly significant effect of genotype by planting date interaction on GDD accumulation. The results showed that GDD accumulation from cotyledon stage to maturity (BBCI! stage 10 to 80) was impacted more by planting date (cv ~ 16%, p < 0,001) than by genotype (cv ~ 10 %, p < 0,001). In addition, the difference across genotypes steadily decreased when daylenght \Vas reduced by later sowing dates (from 14.5 to 12.5 h). These results will be used first to calibrate phenological models then different crop gro\vth models, These models will be necessary to test a wider range of "genotype x environment x management" combinations with the perspective of designing suitable cropping areas and ideotypes for soybean in France and Europe